RE1

Unexpected HTTP Commands

RequestException

An HTTP request is received which contains unexpected commands. A list of accepted commands should be generated (i.e. GET and POST) and all other HTTP commands should generate an event.

Instead of a GET or POST request, the user sends a TRACE request to the application.

Cross references:

• OWASP ModSecurity Core Rule Set Project v2.0.5
  • (30) HTTP Policy Enforcement: Method Is Not Allowed by Policy (960032)

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

RE2

Attempts To Invoke Unsupported HTTP Methods

RequestException

An http request is received which contains a non-existent HTTP command (does not match anything in this list: HEAD,GET,POST,PUT,DELETE,TRACE,OPTIONS,CONNECT)

Instead of a GET or POST request, the user sends a TEST request to the application (TEST is not a valid http request)

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

RE3

GET When Expecting POST

RequestException

A page which is expecting only POST requests, receives a GET.

The user sends a GET request to a page which has only been used for POSTs

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

RE4

POST When Expecting GET

RequestException

A page which is expecting only GET requests, receives a POST

The user uses a proxy tool to build a custom POST request and sends it to a page which has been accessed by GET requests.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

RE5

Additional/Duplicated Data in Request

RequestException

Additional unexpected parameters or HTTP headers, or duplicates, are received with the request.

Additional parameters may be an attempt to override values or to exploit unexposed functionality. Duplicated parameters may be an indication of attempted HTTP parameter pollution.

Beware of firing this detector when additional cookies, not used by the application, are found (as opposed to duplicated cookies) since these may relate to third-party code (e.g. advertisements, analytics) or some other application.

Note that extra HTTP headers may be added by intermediate proxies, and unless the network configuration is fixed (an internal network perhaps), additional headers cannot be controlled and thus cannot be used to infer existence of a potential attacker.

Example 1: Additional form or URL parameters submitted with request (e.g. debug=1, servervariable=2000)

Example 2: A parameter is defined more than once in the URL Query String

Example 3: An HTTP header is duplicated

Example 4: An additional HTTP header is found

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

RE6

Data Missing from Request

RequestException

Expected parameters or HTTP headers are missing from the request.

Bookmarking and use of a browser's "back button" can lead to requests without the expected parameters.

Example 1: A page is requested without any of the required form paramaters.

Example 2: The HTTP-Accept header is not present in a request.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

AE1

Use Of Multiple Usernames

AuthenticationException

Multiple usernames are attempted when logging into the application. The assignment of login attempts to a user can be based off of a sessionID given to the user when they visit the website. Correlating based on IP address is difficult since multiple users could be using the site from the same IP address (e.g. corporate NAT)

User first tries username bob, then username sue, then steve etc

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

AE2

Multiple Failed Passwords

AuthenticationException

For a single username, multiple bad passwords are entered

See Popularity is Everything section 4 - Attack-Detection Scenarios for ideas about tracking use of unsuccessful passwords and looking whether these are used against multiple accounts

User tries username:password combination of user:pass1, user:pass2, user:pass3, etc

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

AE3

High Rate Of Login Attempts

AuthenticationException

The number of logins sent per minute becomes too high indicating an automated login attack

User sends the following login attempts within 1 second. user1:pass1, user1:pass2, user2:pass3, user2:pass4

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

AE4

Unexpected Quantity Of Characters In Username

AuthenticationException

The user provides a username with a large number of characters

The user sends a username that is 200 characters long

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

AE5

Unexpected Quantity Of Characters In Password

AuthenticationException

The user provides a password with a large number of characters

The user sends a password that is 200 characters long

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

AE6

Unexpected Types Of Characters In Username

AuthenticationException

The user provides non-printable characters such as the null byte. Any characters below hex value 20 or above 7E are considered illegal (decimal values of below 32 or above 126)

The user sends a username that contains ascii characters below 20 or above 7E

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

AE7

Unexpected Types Of Characters In Password

AuthenticationException

The user provides characters such as the null byte, alt-characters, (WHAT IS THE NAME FOR THOSE)

The user sends a password that contains ascii characters below 20 or above 7E

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

AE8

Providing Only The Username

AuthenticationException

The user submits a post request which only contains the username variable. The password variable has been removed. This is different from only providing the username in the login form since in that case the password variable would be present and empty.

The user uses a proxy tool to remove the password variable from the submitted post request.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

AE9

Providing Only The Password

AuthenticationException

The user submits a post request which only contains the password variable. The username variable has been removed. This is different from only providing the password in the login form since in that case the username variable would be present and empty.

The user uses a proxy tool to remove the username variable from the submitted post request.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

AE10

Adding Additional POST Variables

AuthenticationException

Additional, unexpected post variables are received during an authentication request.

The user uses a proxy tool to add the additional post variable of admin=true to the post request

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

AE11

Removing POST Variables

AuthenticationException

Expected post variables are not present within the submitted authentication requests

The user uses a proxy tool to remove an additional post variable, such as guest=true, from the post request

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

AE12

Utilization of Common User Names

AuthenticationException

Common dictionary user names are used to attempt to log into the application.

Log in attempted with username "administrator", "admin" or "test"

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

SE1

Modifying Existing Cookies

SessionException

A request is received containing a cookie with a modified value. This could be determined if the cookie is modified to an illegal value.

The user uses a proxy tool to change the encrypted cookie to an alternative value which does not properly decode within the application. Or, the user modifies an unencrypted cookie and sets an illegal value for a particular variable.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

SE2

Adding New Cookies

SessionException

A request is received which contains additional cookies that are not expected by the application.

The user uses a proxy tool to add additional cookies to the request.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

SE3

Deleting Existing Cookies

SessionException

A request is received which does not contain the expected cookies.

The user uses a proxy tool to remove cookies or portions of cookies from a request.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

SE4

Substituting Another User's Valid Session ID Or Cookie

SessionException

A request is received which contains cookie data that is clearly from another user or another session.

The user uses a proxy tool to substitute valid data from another user or session into the cookie. An example would be changing some sort of identification number within the cookie.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

SE5

Source IP Address Changes During Session

SessionException

Valid requests, containing valid session credentials, are received from multiple source IP addresses indicating a possible session hijacking attack.

A full IP address may not be constant for some users during normal use. Enforcing single fixed IP addresses for each session in an intranet application may be valid. However, if the application is accessible over public networks, changing IP address cannot be excluded and it may be more useful to consider fixing just part of the IP address, or looking for more significant changes such as when the user's IP address changes from US to Europe (see Autonomous System Number (ASN)). Note: source port number should not be used in checks since this usually changes very frequently.

User A's session is compromised and User B begins using the account. The requests originating from User B will possibly contain a different source IP address the User A. The source IP addresses could be the same if both users where behind the same NAT.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

SE6

Change Of User Agent Mid Session

SessionException

The User-Agent value of the header changes during a session. This indicates a different browser is now being used. Although this value is under the control of the sender, a change in this may indicates that the session has been compromised and is being used another individual. This will likely not be the case that the user has simply copied and pasted the URL from one browser to another on the same system because this action would not copy over the appropriate session identifiers.

Optionally also include other HTTP headers in this check. For example, the Accept-Encoding and Accept-Language headers do not normally change and could be concatenated with the User-Agent and hashed to created an identifier.

The ideas described in Panopticlick and Javascript Browser Fingerprinting can also be used to fingerprint a particular client system but require the use of client-side code. Application owners should check the legality of collecting data, and whether it is considered "personal data" which may have additional constraints in some jurisdictions.

Midsession, the UserAgent changes from Firefox to Internet Explorer

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

ACE1

Modifying URL Arguments Within a GET For Direct Object Access Attempts

AccessControlException

The application is designed to use an identifier for a particular object, such as using categoryID=4 or user=guest within the URL. A user modifies this value in an attempt to access unauthorized information. This exception should be thrown anytime the identifier received from the user is not authorized due to the identifier being nonexistent or the identifier not authorized for that user.

The user modifies the following URL from

example.com/viewpage?page=1&user=guest

to

example.com/viewpage?page=22&user=admin

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

ACE2

Modifying Parameters Within A POST For Direct Object Access Attempts

AccessControlException

The value of a non-free text html form element (i.e. drop down box, radio button) is modified to an illegal value. The value either does not exist or is not authorized for the user.

The user uses a proxy tool to intercept a post request and changes the posted value to a value that was not available through the normal display. For example, the user encounters a dropdown box containing the numbers 1 through 10. The user selects 5 and then intercepts the post to change the submitted value to 100.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

ACE3

Force Browsing Attempts

AccessControlException

An authenticated or unauthenticated user sends a request for a non-existent resource (e.g. page, directory listing, image, file, etc), or a resource that is not authorized for that user.

Example 1: The user is authenticated and requests site.com/PageThatDoesNotExist

Example 2: The user is authenticated and requests a video they are not authorized to download/view

Example 3: An unauthenticated user (perhaps with a session ID) requests a listing of a directory detailed in the site's robots.txt file

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

ACE4

Evading Presentation Access Control Through Custom Posts

AccessControlException

A post request is received which is not authorized for the current user and the user could not have performed this action without crafting a custom POST request. This situation is most likely to occur when presentation layer access controls are in place and have removed the user's ability to initiate the action through the presentation of the application. An attacker may be aware of the functionality and attempt to bypass this presentation layer access control by crafting their own custom message and sending this in an attempt to execute the functionality.

The application contains the ability for an administrator to delete a user. This method is normally invoked by entering the username and posting to https://oursite/deleteuser Presentation layer access controls ensure the delete user form is not displayed to non-administrator users. A malicious user has access to a non-administrator account and is aware of the delete user functionality. The malicious user sends a custom crafted post message to https://oursite/deleteuser in an attempt to execute the delete user method.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

IE1

Cross Site Scripting Attempt

InputException

The HTTP request contains common XSS attacks which are often used by attackers probing for XSS vulnerabilities. Detection should be configured to test all GET and POST values as well as all header names and values for the following values.

The user uses a proxy tool to add an XSS attack to the header value and the """"displayname"""" post variable. The header value could be displayed to an admin viewing log files and the """"displayname"""" post variable may be stored in the application and displayed to other users. Note, the following xss attacks would be used by an attacker to probe for vulnerability. An actual XSS attack would be customized by the attacker.

<script>alert(document.cookie);</script> <script>alert();</script> alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83)) <IMG SRC="javascript:alert('XSS');"> <IMG SRC=javascript:alert('XSS')> <IMG SRC=javascript:alert(&quot;XSS&quot;)> <BODY ONLOAD=alert('XSS')>

Cross references:

• OWASP ModSecurity Core Rule Set Project v2.0.5
  • (41) XSS Attacks: Cross-site Scripting (XSS) Attack (67 Rules)
  • (41) XSS Attacks: Cross-site Scripting (XSS) Attack [Paranoid Mode] (Additional 67 Rules)

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

IE2

Violations Of Implemented White Lists

InputException

The application receives user-supplied data that violates an established white list validation.

The user submits data that is not correct for the particular field. This may not be attack data necessarily, but repeated violations could be an attempt by the attacker to determine how an application works or to discover a flaw.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

IE3

Violations Of Implemented Black Lists

InputException

The application receives user-supplied data that violates an established black list validation.

The application receives user-supplied data that violates an established black list validation. This may not be attack data necessarily, but repeated violations could be an attempt by the attacker to determine how an application works or to discover a flaw or to exploit a flaw. This black list approach suffers from the potential for greater false positives than IE2 above, and cannot be used to identify all potential malicious data.

Example 1: URL in comment field identified as suspected phishing and malware pages using Google Safe Browsing API)

Example 2: Parameter value matches a known SQL injection pattern.

Example 3: Parameter value matches a known XSS pattern.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

IE4

Violations Of Implemented Black Lists

InputException

The application receives HTTP header or body parameter values which have been tampered with when no change should have occurred.

Example 1: Hidden form field modified by client.

Example 2: Select list value submitted in response, not sent by server as an available option value

Example 3: Cookie set by server has been manipulated by the client.

Example 4: Cookie created by client instead of by the server.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

IE5

Violation of Stored Business Data Integrity

InputException

User's input leads to violation of data integrity

Example 1: A user's action leads to a system integrity error when writing to, or updating, a database.

Example 2: Business rule checks detect that a user's action is not compatible.

Example 3: Data accuracy checking detects duplicate recors for a user.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

IE6

Violation of Security Log Integrity

InputException

Security or audit log tampering detected.

AppSensor may rely on the accuracy of "log" data to make decisions when thresholds are reached. This detector aims to detect the insertion of forged entries, corruption of logs, unauthorised deletion of and changes to records.

See also:

• NIST SP 800-92 Guide to Security Log Management
• Tamper Detection in Audit Logs
• Forensic Tamper Detection in SQL Server

Example 1: Special characters embedded in logged data about a user's activity cause the data to overwrite a previous log entry.

Example 2: Log file integrity is broken by modification to an existing log entry.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

EE1

Double Encoded Characters

EncodingException

An HTTP request is received which contains values that have been double encoded.

The user sends encodes the % symbol to %25 and appends 3C. The user is sending %253C which may be interpreted by the application as %3C which is actually <.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

EE2

Unexpected Encoding Used

EncodingException

An HTTP request is received which contains values that have encoded in an unexpected format.

The user encodes an attack such as alert(document.cookie) into the UTF-7 format and sends this data the application. This could bypass validation filters and be rendered to a user in certain situations.

Cross references:

• OWASP ModSecurity Core Rule Set Project v2.0.5
  • (20) Protocol Violations: UTF8 Encoding Abuse Attack Attempt (950801)
  • (30) HTTP Policy Enforcement: Request Content Type Is Not Allowed by Policy (960010)

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

CIE1

Blacklist Inspection For Common SQL Injection Values

CommandInjectionException

A request is received which contains common SQL injection attack attempts. The point of this detection is not to detect all variations of a SQL injection attack, but to detect the common probes which an attacker or tool might use to determine if a SQL injection vulnerability is present. Unless the site contains some sort of message board for discussing SQL injection, there is little reason that the SQL injection examples should ever be received from a user request.

The user sends a request and modifies a URL parameter from category = 5 to category = 5' OR '1' = '1 in an attempt to perform an SQL injection attack. The user could perform similar attacks by modifying post variables or even the request headers to contain SQL injection attacks. ' OR '1'='1 ' OR 'a'='a ' OR 1=1-- xp_cmdshell UNION JOIN

Cross references:

• OWASP ModSecurity Core Rule Set Project v2.0.5
  • (41) SQL Injection Attacks: Blind SQL Injection Attack (60 Rules)
  • (41) SQL Injection Attacks: SQL Injection Attack (68 Rules)

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

CIE2

Detect Abnormal Quantity Of Returned Records

CommandInjectionException

A database query is executed which returns more records than expected. For example, if the query should only return 1 record and 100 records are returned, then something has likely gone wrong.

The application is designed to allow a user to maintain 5 profiles. A user makes a request to view all of their profiles. The database query, which is expected to always return 5 or less results, returns 10,000 records. Something in the application, or user's actions, has caused unauthorized data to be returned.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

CIE3

Null Byte Character In File Request

CommandInjectionException

A request is received to download a file from the server. The filename requested contains the null byte the file name. This is an attempted OS injection attack.

The user modifies the filename of the requested file to download to contain the null byte. The null byte can be added by inserting the hex value %00.

Cross references:

• OWASP ModSecurity Core Rule Set Project v2.0.5
  • (20) Protocol Violations: Invalid Character in Request (960018)
  • (20) Protocol Violations: Invalid Character in Request [Paranoid Mode] (960901)

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

CIE4

Carriage Return Or Line Feed Character In File Request

CommandInjectionException

A request is received which contains the carriage return or line feed characters within the posted data or the URL parameters. This is an attempted HTTP split response attack.

The user includes the hex value %0D or %0A in the http request post data or URL parameters.

Cross references:

• OWASP ModSecurity Core Rule Set Project v2.0.5
  • (40) OS Command Injection Attacks: PHP Injection Attack (32 Rules)

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

FIO1

Detect Large Individual Files

FileIOException

A file upload feature detects that a large file has been submitted for upload which exceeds the maximum upload size

The user attempts to upload a large file to occupy resources or fill up disk space

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

FIO2

Detect Large Number Of File Uploads

FileIOException

A user uploads an excessively large number of files.

A single user attempts to upload multiple small files to occupy resources or fill up disk space

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

HT1

Alteration to Honey Trap Data

HoneyTrap

Fake (not otherwise needed by the application) data sent to the user and returned (e.g. as form, URL, cookie values or in the path or HTTP header) is modified. This is usually combined with making the name or value a tempting item for an attacker to try modifying.

Similar techniques can also be used for the creation of accessible CAPTCHA.

See also ideas at http://blogs.sans.org/appsecstreetfighter/2009/06/04/my-top-6-honeytokens/ Note: idea 4 concerning use of NOFOLLOW attribute not believed to be correct and comment made to blog about this, but as yet not published.

Example 1: Otherwise useless hidden fields, which look like potential vulnerabilities, added to some forms are sent back to the server modified (e.g. <input type="hidden" name="admin" value="false" />).

Example 2: An additional URL parameter, which is not used by the application, is modified by the user (e.g. www.example.com/account.jsp?debug=0).

Example 3: An additional fake cookie is added and is modified by the user.

Example 4: URL rewriting is used and a fake directory name is added; this is modified by the user (e.g. www.example.com/orders/normaluser/display.php).

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

HT2

Honey Trap Resource Requested

HoneyTrap

A purposely leaked resource that has no use in normal application use is requested by a user.

Ensure the resource is not linked from normal application content such that a spider or robot might find the resource in any case.

Example 1: Page, directory or other resource listed in the application's robots.txt robots exclusion file is requested by the user.

Example 2: URL identified only in HTML comments is requested by the user.

Example 3: Unexposed server function call included in Flash file source code is requested by the user.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

HT3

Honey Trap Data Used

HoneyTrap

Special data sent or accessed by a user.

For honey trap data that is detected on egress only, use of outbound content monitoring (e.g. a web appication firewall or similar technique) may be helpful.

Example 1: Fake user name and password only visible in source HTML code used to attempt to log in to the application (e.g. in HTML comments, in server-side code 'accidentally' delivered to the user).

Example 2: A special code number or account name is left in a discussion forum site; this is then used in the application.

Example 3: An attempt is made to authenticate with the user name listed in the first row (e.g. ID=1) of the application's database table of Users.

Example 4: Data from a fake account record is sent by the server and detected; this record should not normally be accessible by anyone using the application.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

UT1

Irregular Use Of Application

UserTrendException

The application receives numerous requests for the same page or feature from a user. The user may be sending different data combinations or trying to detect errors in the page.

Example 1: The user requests a particular page, such as the address update page, numerous times.

Example 2: The user requests a page out-of-sequence, such as an intermediate step in a multi-stage form.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

UT2

Speed Of Application Use

UserTrendException

The speed of requests from a user indicates that an automated tool is being used to access the site. The use of a tool undertaking a high number of requests quickly may indicate reconnaissance for an attack or attempts to identify vulnerabilities in the site. Slow usage (e.g. between account creation and use) might indicate automated account creation that are then used subsequently for attacks.

Example 1: The user utilizes an automated tool to request hundreds of pages per minute.

Example 2: The user does not log in to the site until a long time after their account is created.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

UT3

Frequency Of Site Use

UserTrendException

Does the user normally access the site 1 per week, and this is now many times per day

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

UT4

Frequency Of Feature Use

UserTrendException

The rate of a user utilizing a particular application feature changes dramatically.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

STE1

High Number Of Logouts Across The Site

SystemTrendException

A sudden spike in logouts across the application could indicate a XSS and CSRF attack placed within the application which is automatically logging off users.

The hourly usage of the logoff feature of the application suddenly spikes by 500%.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

STE2

High Number Of Logins Across The Site

SystemTrendException

A sudden spike in logins across the application could indicate users being redirected to the site from a phishing email looking to exploit a XSS vulnerability in the site.

The hourly usage of the logon feature of the application suddenly spikes by 500%.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

STE3

High Number Of Same Transaction Across The Site

SystemTrendException

A sudden spike in similar activity across numerous users of the application may indicate a phishing attack or CSRF attack against the users.

The hourly usage of the update email address feature of the application suddenly spikes by 500%.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

RP1

Suspicious or Disallowed User IP Address

Reputation

The user is identified as using an IP address associated with a blacklist

Suspicious or invalid IP addresses and address ranges may be identified using a whitelist,internal blacklist, list of Tor nodes (e.g. https://torstat.xenobite.eu/), HTTP blacklist (e.g. http://www.projecthoneypot.org/httpbl.php and Dshield http://www.dshield.org) list of spammers (e.g. Spamhaus http://www.spamhaus.org/) or known botnets (e.g. http://www.shadowserver.org/wiki/).

"Suspicious" may also depend upon the type of user e.g. users in the "CMS manager" role should be using an internal network IP address, public users could be from anywhere, customers should only be accessing the application from a particular geographical region, search engine robots should be from a limited range of IP addresses.

Take care that "suspicious" does not contribute to greater false positives.

Example 1: A user with an external IP address is accessing an internal application, which should not be occurring

Example 2: An authenticated user is accessing the application using a known Tor node, and attack detection thresholds are made more strict

Example 3: An authenticated user is accessing the application from a known trustworthy IP address, and thresholds for certain activity (e.g. input data validation errors) are relaxed slightly

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

RP2

Suspicious External User Behavior

Reputation

External (to the application) devices and systems (e.g. host and network IDS, file integrity monitoring, disk usage monitoring, anti-malware service, IPS, network firewall, web application firewall, web server logging, XML gateway, database firewall, SIEM) detect anomalous behavior by the user (e.g. session and/or IP address).

This information can be used by the application to contribute to its knowleage about a potential attacker. In some cases, the information could be detected by the application itself (e.g. XSS pattern black listing), but may be more effectively identified by the external device, or is not known to the application normally (e.g. requests for missing resources that the web server sees, but does not pass onto the application).

The greater the knowledge a device or system has about the application, the greater confidence can be given to evidence of suspicious behaviour. Therefore, for example, attempted SQL injection detexcted by a web application firewall (WAF) might be given greater weight than information from a network firewall about the IP address.

The power of AppSensor is its accuracy and low false positive rate, and the usage of external data should be carefully assessed to ensure it does not contribute to a higher false positive rate.

Example 1: An IDS has detected suspicious activity by a particular IP address, and this is used to temporarily tighten the attack detection thresholds for requests from all users in the same IP address range.

Example 2: An application is using the ModSecurity web application firewall with the Core Rule Set, and utilises the anomaly score data passed forward in the X-WAF-Events and X-WAF-Score HTTP headers (optional rules in modsecurity_crs_49_header_tagging.conf) to adjust the level of application logging for each user

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

RP3

RP3 Suspicious Client-Side Behavior

Reputation

The application receives a report of client-side security policy exceptions

Take care this information does not contribute to greater false positives.

Example 1: An internal corporate intranet application detects use of a non-standard workstation configuration (e.g. using JavaScript font or plugin detection see SE6). An alert is raised for further investigation.

Example 2: An online banking application receives details of suspicious client-side behaviour that would not be expected in normal application use, via a Firefox Content Security Policy violation report. The application increases logging for the user, and decreases the monetary limit at which the user's payments require manual authorisation by bank staff.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]

RP4

Change to Environment Threat Level

Reputation

The general threat level (e.g. general risk of attack from the Internet, or specific targetted attacks against an organisation) is elevated. This could also be used to change response sensitivity due to short-term effects such as application upgrades/patching.

This input could be used to alter thresholds for AppSensor responses.

Example 1: A machine-readable threat index is read from a third-party and is used to control security logging levels.

Example 2: Business circumstances (e.g. increased attention by activists) raises the suspicion the application may be at increased risk of mis-use, and response thresholds for attack detection are tightened for non-authenticated users.

[Java] [.Net] [PHP]