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Difference between revisions of "Reviewing Web Services"
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| − | === | + | {{LinkBar |
| − | + | | useprev=PrevLink | prev=Reviewing AJAX Applications | lblprev= | |
| + | | usemain=MainLink | main=OWASP Code Review Guide Table of Contents | lblmain=Table of Contents | ||
| + | | usenext=NextLink | next=How to Write an Application Code Review Finding | lblnext= | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | __TOC__ | ||
| − | == | + | ==Reviewing Webservices and XML Payloads== |
| − | + | When reviewing webservices, one should focus firstly on the generic security controls related to any application. Webservices also have some unique controls should be looked at. | |
| − | + | ===XML Schema : Input validation=== | |
| − | + | Schemas are used to ensure that the XML payload received is within defined and expected limits. They can be specific to a list of known good values or simply define length and type. Some XML applications do not have a schema implemented, which may mean input validation is performed downstream or even not at all!! | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | ''Keywords'' | |
| + | '''Namespace''': : An XML namespace is a collection of XML elements and attributes identified by an Internationalised Resource Identifier (RI). | ||
| − | The ProcessContents attribute indicates how XML from other namespaces should be validated. | + | In a single document, elements may exist with the same name that were created by different entities. |
| − | When the processContents attribute is set to '''lax''' or '''skip''', input validation is not performed for wildcard attributes and parameters. | + | |
| + | To distinguish between such different definitions with the same name, an XML Schema allows the concept of namespaces - think Java packages :) | ||
| + | |||
| + | The schema can specify a finite amount of parameters, the expected parameters in the XML payload alongside the expected types and values of the payload data. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The ProcessContents attribute indicates how XML from other namespaces should be validated. When the processContents attribute is set to '''lax''' or '''skip''', input validation is not performed for wildcard attributes and parameters. | ||
The value for this attribute may be | The value for this attribute may be | ||
| − | * '''strict''': There must be a declaration associated with the namespace and validate the XML. | + | * '''strict''': There must be a declaration associated with the namespace and validate the XML. |
| − | * '''lax''' There should attempt to validate the XML against its schema. | + | * '''lax''' There should be an attempt to validate the XML against its schema. |
* '''skip''' There is no attempt to validate the XML. | * '''skip''' There is no attempt to validate the XML. | ||
| − | processContents= | + | processContents=strict\lax\skip |
| − | + | ===Infinite Occurrences of an Element or Attribute=== | |
| − | + | The unbounded value can be used on an XML schema to specify the there is no maximum occurrence expected for a specific element. | |
| − | The unbounded value can be used | ||
maxOccurs= positive-Integer|unbounded | maxOccurs= positive-Integer|unbounded | ||
| − | Given that any number of elements can be supplied for an unbounded element it is subject to attack via supplying the web service with vast amounts of elements and hence a resource exhaustion issue. | + | Given that any number of elements can be supplied for an unbounded element, it is subject to attack via supplying the web service with vast amounts of elements, and hence a resource exhaustion issue. |
| + | ===Weak namespace, Global elements, the <any> element & SAX XML processors=== | ||
| − | + | The <any> element can be used to make extensible documents, allowing documents to contain additional elements which are not declared in the main schema. The idea that an application can accept any number of parameters may be cause for alarm. This may lead to denial of availability or even in the case of a SAX XML parser legitimate values may be overwritten. | |
| − | |||
| − | The <any> element can be used to make extensible documents, allowing | ||
| − | The idea that an application can accept any number of parameters may be cause for alarm. This may lead to denial of availability or even in the case of a SAX XML parser legitimate values may be overwritten. | ||
<xs:element name="cloud"> | <xs:element name="cloud"> | ||
| Line 47: | Line 52: | ||
</xs:element> | </xs:element> | ||
| − | The <any> element here | + | The <any> element here permits additional parameters to be added in an arbitary manner. |
| − | A namespace of ##any in the <any> element means the schema allows elements beyond what is explicitly defined in the schema, thereby reducing control on expected elements for a given request. | + | A namespace of ##any in the <any> element means the schema allows elements beyond what is explicitly defined in the schema, thereby reducing control on expected elements for a given request. |
<xs:any namespace='##any' /> | <xs:any namespace='##any' /> | ||
| − | A schema that does not define restrictive element namespaces permits arbitrary elements to be included in a valid document which may not be expected by the application. | + | A schema that does not define restrictive element namespaces permits arbitrary elements to be included in a valid document, which may not be expected by the application. This may give rise to attacks, such as XML Injection, which consist of including tags which are not expected by the application. |
| − | This may give rise to attacks such as XML Injection which | + | |
| + | {{LinkBar | ||
| + | | useprev=PrevLink | prev=Reviewing AJAX Applications | lblprev= | ||
| + | | usemain=MainLink | main=OWASP Code Review Guide Table of Contents | lblmain=Table of Contents | ||
| + | | usenext=NextLink | next=How to Write an Application Code Review Finding | lblnext= | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:OWASP Code Review Project]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:54, 9 September 2010
Reviewing Webservices and XML Payloads
When reviewing webservices, one should focus firstly on the generic security controls related to any application. Webservices also have some unique controls should be looked at.
XML Schema : Input validation
Schemas are used to ensure that the XML payload received is within defined and expected limits. They can be specific to a list of known good values or simply define length and type. Some XML applications do not have a schema implemented, which may mean input validation is performed downstream or even not at all!!
Keywords
Namespace: : An XML namespace is a collection of XML elements and attributes identified by an Internationalised Resource Identifier (RI).
In a single document, elements may exist with the same name that were created by different entities.
To distinguish between such different definitions with the same name, an XML Schema allows the concept of namespaces - think Java packages :)
The schema can specify a finite amount of parameters, the expected parameters in the XML payload alongside the expected types and values of the payload data.
The ProcessContents attribute indicates how XML from other namespaces should be validated. When the processContents attribute is set to lax or skip, input validation is not performed for wildcard attributes and parameters.
The value for this attribute may be
- strict: There must be a declaration associated with the namespace and validate the XML.
- lax There should be an attempt to validate the XML against its schema.
- skip There is no attempt to validate the XML.
processContents=strict\lax\skip
Infinite Occurrences of an Element or Attribute
The unbounded value can be used on an XML schema to specify the there is no maximum occurrence expected for a specific element.
maxOccurs= positive-Integer|unbounded
Given that any number of elements can be supplied for an unbounded element, it is subject to attack via supplying the web service with vast amounts of elements, and hence a resource exhaustion issue.
Weak namespace, Global elements, the <any> element & SAX XML processors
The <any> element can be used to make extensible documents, allowing documents to contain additional elements which are not declared in the main schema. The idea that an application can accept any number of parameters may be cause for alarm. This may lead to denial of availability or even in the case of a SAX XML parser legitimate values may be overwritten.
<xs:element name="cloud">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="process" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="lastcall" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:any minOccurs="0"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
The <any> element here permits additional parameters to be added in an arbitary manner.
A namespace of ##any in the <any> element means the schema allows elements beyond what is explicitly defined in the schema, thereby reducing control on expected elements for a given request.
<xs:any namespace='##any' />
A schema that does not define restrictive element namespaces permits arbitrary elements to be included in a valid document, which may not be expected by the application. This may give rise to attacks, such as XML Injection, which consist of including tags which are not expected by the application.
