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Top 10 2013-A7-Missing Function Level Access Control
NOTE: THIS IS NOT THE LATEST VERSION. Please visit the OWASP Top 10 project page to find the latest edition.
Threat Agents | Attack Vectors | Security Weakness | Technical Impacts | Business Impacts | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Application Specific | Exploitability EASY |
Prevalence COMMON |
Detectability AVERAGE |
Impact MODERATE |
Application / Business Specific |
Anyone with network access can send your application a request. Could anonymous users access private functionality or regular users a privileged function? |
Attacker, who is an authorized system user, simply changes the URL or a parameter to a privileged function. Is access granted? Anonymous users could access private functions that aren’t protected. |
Applications do not always protect application functions properly. Sometimes, function level protection is managed via configuration, and the system is misconfigured. Sometimes, developers must include the proper code checks, and they forget. Detecting such flaws is easy. The hardest part is identifying which pages (URLs) or functions exist to attack. |
Such flaws allow attackers to access unauthorized functionality. Administrative functions are key targets for this type of attack. |
Consider the business value of the exposed functions and the data they process. Also consider the impact to your reputation if this vulnerability became public. |
Am I Vulnerable To 'Missing Function Level Access Control'?
The best way to find out if an application has failed to properly restrict function level access is to verify every application function:
Using a proxy, browse your application with a privileged role. Then revisit restricted pages using a less privileged role. If the server responses are alike, you're probably vulnerable. Some testing proxies directly support this type of analysis. You can also check the access control implementation in the code. Try following a single privileged request through the code and verifying the authorization pattern. Then search the codebase to find where that pattern is not being followed. Automated tools are unlikely to find these problems. |
How Do I Prevent 'Missing Function Level Access Control'?
Your application should have a consistent and easy to analyze authorization module that is invoked from all of your business functions. Frequently, such protection is provided by one or more components external to the application code.
NOTE: Most web applications don’t display links and buttons to unauthorized functions, but this “presentation layer access control” doesn’t actually provide protection. You must also implement checks in the controller or business logic.
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Example Attack Scenarios
Scenario #1: The attacker simply force browses to target URLs. The following URLs require authentication. Admin rights are also required for access to the admin_getappInfo page.
http://example.com/app/getappInfo
http://example.com/app/admin_getappInfo If an unauthenticated user can access either page, that’s a flaw. If an authenticated, non-admin, user is allowed to access the admin_getappInfo page, this is also a flaw, and may lead the attacker to more improperly protected admin pages. Scenario #2: A page provides an 'action' parameter to specify the function being invoked, and different actions require different roles. If these roles aren’t enforced, that’s a flaw. |
References
OWASP
For additional access control requirements, see the ASVS requirements area for Access Control (V4). External |
![CC-by-sa-3 0-88x31.png](/images/6/64/CC-by-sa-3_0-88x31.png)