OWASP Video Game Security Framework

• About the Project
• Business Strategy & Risk
• Governance & Compliance
• Prevention
• Management
• Service Delivery/ Support
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OWASP Video Game Security Framework (VGSF) OWASP Video Game Security Framework (VGSF) defines an approach to discovering solutions for strategy, development, operations, and management surrounding security for video game industry business models Most organizations that operate in the digital landscape approach security as a last afterthought when compared to the overall business strategy and operations. In the recent years it has become more apparent the consequences of such behavior with increasingly amounts of data breaches happening. The cost associated with an organization’s loss of intellectual property and other digital assets has reached the millions. With the fast growth of the video game industry (174 billion by 2021 - Newzoo Global Game Forecast) in recent years, it is critical that organizations operating in this space have a strong security posture. Cyber-attacks aimed at various components of a business can affect the interoperability, user protected info, end-game product, and overall business model. As more businesses and clients operate in the cyber space its important to leverage security as a way to create sustainable trust, lead competitively, and operate more agile with different types of data. The framework is comprised of five discipline areas that could produce many best practice methodologies: I. Business Strategy & Risk II. Governance & Compliance III. Prevention This will be one of the largest sections as it is comprised of many different aspects of overall cyber security IV. Management V. Service Delivery & Support Licensing The OWASP Video Game Security Framework is free to use. It is licensed under the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license], so you can copy, distribute and transmit the work, and you can adapt it, and use it commercially, but all provided that you attribute the work and if you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.

What is the OWASP Video Game Security Framework? The goal of the OWASP Video Game Security Framework is to provide an adaptable blueprint to guide the development and deployment of cyber resiliency within a video game enterprise operation. The target audience for the project includes: Game Publishers Game Developers Security Professionals Consumer Gamers Quality Assurance Testers Business Stakeholders in the Gaming Industry Industry Enthusiasts Project Leaders Romen Brewer Contributors TBD Related Projects OWASP Game Security Framework Project OWASP Web Top 10 OWASP Mobile Security

Collaboration Join the discord channel: [1] Quick Download COMING SOON News and Events April, 2019: Site Creation and Discord channel creation. Classifications

Business Strategy & Risk The purpose of the Strategy & Risk phase in the framework is to layout a guiding path to creating and completing security related initiatives in gaming. Strategy & Risk Process 1.    Establish Purpose 2.    Triage Capabilities 3.    Define Vision 4.    Plan Next steps 1.Establish Purpose It’s important to understand in detail the goal of the overall security strategy and how can you capture requirements to ensure this phase is properly completed. Eventually a full project plan will be created for the initiatives that emerge from this phase. Establishing how an org handles these types of projects is a key driver of success. Example Questions to ask: What are the project requirements? 1)    Detailed in Project plan a)    May come from leadership and other areas of business What is the proposed approach to this project? 1)    Methodology a)    Waterfall b)    Agile Who are the parties involved? 1)    Key Stake Holders 2)    Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) 3)    Project Managers & Staff What are the Risks, Barriers & Concerns? 1)    Resource Availability a)    Staff b)    Technology c)    Finances 2)    Complexity of project a)    No SME b)    Vendor support What are the known tasks that need to be accomplished? 1)    Varies by project Triage Capabilities Assessing the current security capabilities within a company is the next step. This will allow an organization to understand certain strengths and developing areas in their sec operations. The very detailed information from the results of the assessments are vital to the next step. Example Questions to ask: What security controls do we currently have in place? 1)    Physical Security 2)    Network Security 3)    System Integrity 4)    Application Security 5)    User Security Are licensed security technologies being utilized to their fullest potential? What are the gaps in the security technologies currently used? 1)    Lack of scalability 2)    Cannot perform data analytics Define Vision The vision for org security needs to be created with the overall business objectives in mind. This needs to start out very high level and can be tailored a bit more later. Understanding industry trends and being innovative allows for a better vision. Example Questions to ask: What do we want our security posture to look like in the future? 1)    Better alignment with the business a)    Budget planning b)    Make security a part of future business decisions 2)    Improve financials decisions a)    Decrease spending b)    Smarter spending 3)    Lower cyber risks to organization a)    Address current and future security challenges b)    Implement detection, prevention, response 4)    Higher Return on Investment (ROI) a)    Competitive advantage b)    Higher market share c)    Increased consumer trust What are the current threats to the organization? What does the org need to protect? 1)    Based on value of asset a)    Cost b)    Rarity 2)    Based on impact to business a)    Stop operations b)    Impact user privacy Plan Next Steps During this phase an org must create a list with the end-resulted actions necessary to get to the newly accepted vision. This list must be prioritized and grouped to form the initiatives needed for implementation. Example Questions to ask: What capabilities will achieve the defined vision from the previous step? 1)    People 2)    Process 3)    Technology What can be done to ensure continued maintenance on the defined vision? 1)    Retrospect meetings 2)    Revamp Strategy & Risk

What is the Business Strategy & Risk Section? This section provides an overview of the various places an attacker can target to harm a given game infrastructure. Sub-project Leader Romen Brewer Related Projects [2] The OWASP Mobile Top 10 Project The OWASP Web Top 10 Project Collaboration Join the discord channel: [3] Quick Download Coming Soon News and Events Coming Soon

Governance & Compliance The following is a list of the vulnerabilities that can be found in video games of various types, and the attack surfaces they're likely to be associated with. Attack Surface Vulnerability Name Local Game Client Ability to edit in-game resources Ability to bypass license requirement Game Network Traffic Network Denial of Service (player) Player bandwidth exhaustion Player game client resource exhaustion Game Application Traffic Application Level Denial of Service (Player) Player application logic Denial of Service Game Server Application Level Denial of Service (Server) Server application logic Denial of Service Ability to modify game ladder rankings Ability to modify own player resources Game Economy Ability to generate unlimited money on client side Ability to generate unlimited money through network/application traffic modification Ability to modify prices for in-game items Ability to replay financial actions such as buying or selling through network/application manipulation

What is the Game Security Vulnerabilities Project? The Security Vulnerabilities Project provides information on what types of vulnerabilities exist within games, and which attack surfaces they fall under. Sub-project Leader ENTER NAME Related Projects OWASP Mobile Security OWASP Web Top 10 Collaboration The Slack Channel Resources Top 10 IoT Vulnerabilities from 2014 News and Events Coming Soon

Prevention This list refers to what a given attacker might use to take advantage of a given bug within the game. Exploit Description DDoS Force a player to DC, or attack the game itself so that it cannot serve customers. Client Modification Modify the client in a way that gives advantage. Malicious Macros Implementation of macros that perform unwanted actions. Social Engineering Getting a player, mod, or game staff member to perform an action that helps the attacker. Use Physics Bug Interact with the world in a way that makes the physics engine do what the attacker wants. Malform Network Traffic Send modified network traffic that tricks or disrupts an opposing player or the game itself.

The Exploits Project The Exploits provides information on what types of tools and techniques an attacker might use to accomplish his/her goal. Sub-project Leader Romen Brewer Related Projects OWASP Mobile Security OWASP Web Top 10 Collaboration The Slack Channel Resources Top 10 IoT Vulnerabilities from 2014 News and Events Coming Soon

Management This list refers to what a given attacker might be trying to accomplish within the game by performing a given attack. This could relate very closely (or not) with the technical impact or business impact cause by the behavior. Attacker Goal Description Avoid Damage Allows the player to avoid being killed by other players or NPCs. Gain Gear Improve the amount or quality of gear the player has. Gain In-game Currency Gain more currency than would normally be allowed. Enhance Gear Give weapons or other gear powers that they wouldn't normally have. Take Opponent Offline Take a player out of the game so that the attacker's position is improved. Skip Content Allows player to skip content resuting in a faster completion or objective time

What is the Attacker Goals Project The Attacker Goals Project provides information on what types of outcomes attackers might try to achieve within or outside of the game they're attacking. Sub-project Leader Romen Brewer Related Projects OWASP Mobile Security OWASP Web Top 10 Collaboration The Slack Channel Resources Top 10 IoT Vulnerabilities from 2014 News and Events Coming Soon

Service Delivery/ Support The following is a list of possible negative outcomes that can occur as the result of someone successfully attacking a given game. Outcomes Description Currency Magnification A player ends up with more currency than they were supposed to have. Player Anger Players become extremely agitated by one or more bugs. Players Stop Playing the Game Players become so frustrated with the bugs and exploits that they stop playing and/or paying for the game. Invulnerable Positions Locations on the map make bases or players unassailable and therefore invulnerable. Item Multiplication Items are duplicated, multiplied, or otherwise increased in an unintended way. Unfair Ladder Victory A victory is scored in favor of a player or team when they should not have won. Unauthorized Admin Command Use Regular users are somehow able to execute administrative commands. Lost Revenue The game company loses revenue due to bugs, hacks, and player anger.

What is the Negative Outcomes Project? The Negative Outcomes Project provides information on what types of situations could manifest within the game if bugs or exploits are not successfully addressed. Project Leader Romen Brewer Related Projects OWASP Mobile Security OWASP Web Top 10 Collaboration The Slack Channel Resources Top 10 IoT Vulnerabilities from 2014 News and Events Coming Soon

Resources This page will list additional resources related to game security that may provide more detailed context. Outcomes Description Cryptographic Validation of Client Ensure that the client will not run if it has been modified. Enterprise-level DDoS Protection Implement protection against low to mid-tier DDoS attacks against the core gaming infrastructure. Basic Application Security Defenses Code-based protections against common application security flaws, such as SQLi, XSS, CSRF, LFI/RFI, etc. Authentication Lockouts Lock out a user's account after a certain number of failed attempts. Two-factor Authentication Require use of 2FA on a given player's account. Better Code Any fixes that can be done in code that aren't covered by other defenses. Could include net code, physics engine, logic fixes, etc. Server-side Validation Ensure that validations are performed on the server and not (only) the client.

What is the Game Security Vulnerabilities Project? The Security Vulnerabilities Project provides information on what types of vulnerabilities exist within games, and which attack surfaces they fall under. Project Leaders Romen Brewer Related Projects OWASP Mobile Security OWASP Web Top 10 Collaboration Join the discord channel: [4] Resources Top 10 IoT Vulnerabilities from 2014 News and Events Coming Soon

Video Game Trends

This section is dedicated to trends in gaming and how it can evaluated from a security perspective

ID	Vulnerabilty Name	Description	Surface Area	Goal	Techical Impact	Business Impact	Defense	Ref	Game	Genre
V1	Local Resource Modification, Client-side Logic Flaw	In 2015 The Division experienced an exploit that allowed an attacker to switch weapons rapidly, applying weapon buffs in a stacking manner, with no cap.	Game Client	Unfair Player Advantage	Player Anger	Players leave, Lost Revenue	Cryptographic Integrity Checks on Game Client	http://www.gamesradar.com/theres-a-division-damage-stacking-glitch-if-youve-got-fast-fingers/		3PS/1PS/MMO
VN1	"The attacker attacked and edited the LOCAL GAME CLIENT (Attack Surface), which had a LACK OF CLIENT INTEGRITY CONTROLS (Vulnerability), which allowed her to ARTIFICIALLY INCREASE HER ABILITIES (Attacker Goal), ultimately leading to an UNHAPPY PLAYER BASE (Negative Outcome) and DECLINING GAME REVENUE (Negative Outcome) due to cheating, which could have been prevented by CRYPTOGRAPHIC INTEGRITY CHECKS ON GAME CLIENT”

Working Data Collection Spreadsheet:

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Og08wyHsqtODBDkU_M2zHAvdxc63GSu-OmT8NjCc9Ak/edit#gid=0

The VGSF team has open opportunities for individuals to collaborate and contribute to the project.

• Improving the framework schema, e.g., vulns, attack surfaces, technical impacts, business impacts, defenses, etc.
• Adding content to any of the various sections
• Input from avid gamers on how useful this is to them
• Input from app security experts
• Input from security types working at gaming companies
• Input from game company business types

If you have interest in helping, reach out to us and we'll make you a contributor.

Commonly Used Game Hacking Tools

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what is this project? Name: OWASP Internet of Things Project Purpose: N/A License: CC-BY 3.0 for documentation and GPLv3 for code. who is working on this project? Project Leader(s): Romen Brewer Craig Smith how can you learn more? Project Pamphlet: Not Yet Created Project Presentation: Mailing list: N/A Project Roadmap: Not Yet Created Key Contacts Contact Romen Brewer to contribute to this project Contact Romen Brewer to review or sponsor this project

current release Not Yet Published last reviewed release Not Yet Reviewed other releases