OWASP IoT Attack Surface Areas

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OWASP IoT Attack Surface Areas (DRAFT) Oxford defines the Internet of Things as: “A proposed development of the Internet in which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data.” The OWASP Internet of Things (IoT) Attack Surface Areas is a project designed to help manufacturers, developers, and consumers better understand the security issues associated with the Internet of Things, and to enable users in any context to make better security decisions when building, deploying, or assessing IoT technologies. The project defines the attack surface areas presented by IoT systems, and provides information on threat agents, attack vectors, vulnerabilities, and impacts associated with each. In addition, the project aims to provide practical security recommendations for builders, breakers, and users of IoT systems. Licensing The OWASP IoT Attack Surface Areas is free to use. It is licensed under the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license], so you can copy, distribute and transmit the work, and you can adapt it, and use it commercially, but all provided that you attribute the work and if you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.

What is the OWASP IoT Attack Surface Areas? The OWASP IoT Attack Surface Areas provide: A list of IoT Attack Surface Areas A list of basic recommendations for manufacturers, developers, and consumers For each attack surface areas, the following sections are included: A description of the attack surface Threat agents Attack vectors Security weaknesses Technical impacts Business impacts Example vulnerabilities Example attacks Guidance on how to avoid the issue References to OWASP and other related resources For each role in Manufacturers, Developers, and Consumer, the following recommendations are included: For each IN category, list the top few considerations that should be observed in that context Project Leaders Daniel Miessler Craig Smith Related Projects The OWASP Mobile Top 10 Project The OWASP Web Top 10 Project

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The OWASP IoT Attack Surface Areas (DRAFT) are as follows:

Attack Surface	Vulnerability
Ecosystem Access Control	Implicit trust between components Enrollment security Decommissioning system Lost access procedures
Device Memory	Cleartext usernames Cleartext passwords Third-party credentials Encryption keys
Device Physical Interfaces	Firmware extraction User CLI Admin CLI Privilege escalation Reset to insecure state
Device Web Interface	SQL injection Cross-site scripting Username enumeration Weak passwords Account lockout Known credentials
Device Firmware	Hardcoded passwords Sensitive URL disclosure Encryption keys
Device Network Services	Information disclosure User CLI Administrative CLI Injection Denial of Service
Administrative Interface	SQL injection Cross-site scripting Username enumeration Weak passwords Account lockout Known credentials
Local Data Storage	Unencrypted data Data encrypted with discovered keys Lack of data integrity checks
Cloud Web Interface	SQL injection Cross-site scripting Username enumeration Weak passwords Account lockout Known credentials
Third-party Backend APIs	Unencrypted PII sent Encrypted PII sent Device information leaked Location leaked
Update Mechanism	Update sent without encryption Updates not signed Update location writable
Mobile Application	Implicitly trusted by device or cloud Known credentials Insecure data storage Lack of transport encryption
Vendor Backend APIs	Inherent trust of cloud or mobile application Weak authentication Weak access controls Injection attacks
Ecosystem Communication	Health checks Heartbeats Ecosystem commands Deprovisioning Pushing updates
Network Traffic	LAN LAN to Internet Short range Non-standard

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