OWASP Internet of Things Top Ten Project

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OWASP Internet of Things Top 10 Oxford defines the Internet of Things as “a proposed development of the Internet in which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data.” The OWASP Internet of Things (IoT) Top 10 is a project designed to help vendors who are interested in making common appliances and gadgets network/Internet accessible. The project walks through the top ten security problems that are seen with IoT devices, and how to prevent them. Examples of IoT Devices: Cars, lighting systems, refrigerators, telephones, SCADA systems, traffic control systems, home security systems, TVs, DVRs, etc… Licensing The OWASP Internet of Things Top 10 is free to use. It is licensed under the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license], so you can copy, distribute and transmit the work, and you can adapt it, and use it commercially, but all provided that you attribute the work and if you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.

What is the OWASP Internet of Things Top 10? The OWASP Internet of Things Top 10 provides: A list of the 10 Most Critical Internet of Things Security Risks And for each Risk it provides: A description Example vulnerabilities Example attacks Guidance on how to avoid References to OWASP and other related resources Project Leaders Daniel Miessler Craig Smith Jason Haddix Related Projects OWASP_CISO_Survey

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The OWASP Internet of Things Top 10 - 2014 is as follows:

• I1 Insecure Web Interface
• I2 Insufficient Authentication/Authorization
• I3 Insecure Network Services
• I4 Lack of Transport Encryption
• I5 Privacy Concerns
• I6 Insecure Cloud Interface
• I7 Insecure Mobile Interface
• I8 Insufficient Security Configurability
• I9 Insecure Software/Firmware
• I10 Poor Physical Security

Introduction

Oxford defines the Internet of Things as “a proposed development of the Internet in which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data.”

The OWASP Internet of Things (IoT) Top 10 is a project designed to help vendors who are interested in making common appliances and gadgets network/Internet accessible. The project walks through the top ten security problems that are seen with IoT devices, and how to prevent them.

Examples of IoT Devices: Cars, lighting systems, refrigerators, telephones, SCADA systems, traffic control systems, home security systems, TVs, DVRs, etc…

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We hope you find the information in the OWASP Internet of Things Top Ten useful. Please contribute back to the project by sending your comments, questions, and suggestions to [email protected] or [email protected] Thanks!

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Manufacturer IoT Security Guidance

(DRAFT)

The goal of this page is help manufacturers build more secure products in the Internet of Things space. The guidance below is at a basic level, giving builders of products a basic set of guidelines to consider from their perspective. This is not a comprehensive list of considerations, and should not be treated as such, but ensuring that these fundamentals are covered will greatly improve the security of any IoT product.

Category	IoT Security Consideration
I1: Insecure Web Interface	Ensure that any web interface present in the product disallows weak passwords Ensure that any web interface present in the product has an account lockout mechanism
I2: Insufficient Authentication/Authorization	aaa bbb
I3: Insecure Network Services	Ensure the device operates with a minimal number of network ports active Ensure the device does not make network ports and/or services available to the internet
I4: Lack of Transport Encryption	aaa bbb
I5: Privacy Concerns	aaa bbb
I6: Insecure Cloud Interface	aaa bbb
I7: Insecure Mobile Interface	aaa bbb
I8: Insufficient Security Configurability	aaa bbb
I9: Insecure Software/Firmware	aaa bbb
I10: Poor Physical Security	Ensure the device is produced with a minimal number of physical external ports (e.g. USB ports) bbb

(DRAFT)

The goal of this page is help developers build more secure applications in the Internet of Things space. The guidance below is at a basic level, giving developers of applications a basic set of guidelines to consider from their perspective. This is not a comprehensive list of considerations, and should not be treated as such, but ensuring that these fundamentals are covered will greatly improve the security of any IoT product.

Category	IoT Security Consideration
I1: Insecure Web Interface	aaa bbb
I2: Insufficient Authentication/Authorization	aaa bbb
I3: Insecure Network Services	aaa bbb
I4: Lack of Transport Encryption	aaa bbb
I5: Privacy Concerns	aaa bbb
I6: Insecure Cloud Interface	aaa bbb
I7: Insecure Mobile Interface	aaa bbb
I8: Insufficient Security Configurability	aaa bbb
I9: Insecure Software/Firmware	aaa bbb
I10: Poor Physical Security	aaa bbb

If you are looking to develop for a device or system, consider the following recommendations for all user interfaces (local device, cloud-based and mobile):

• Avoid potential Account Harvesting issues by:
  • Ensuring valid user accounts can't be identified by interface error messages
  • Ensuring strong passwords are required by users
  • Implementing account lockout after 3 - 5 failed login attempts
• Ensure user credentials are properly protected using recommended and accepted encryption or hashing practices
• Ensure sensitive data is properly protected both at rest and during transmission using recommended practices
• Provide the option for two-factor authentication
• Ensure user roles are properly segregated in multi-user environments

(DRAFT)

Category	IoT Security Consideration
I1: Insecure Web Interface	aaa bbb
I2: Insufficient Authentication/Authorization	aaa bbb
I3: Insecure Network Services	aaa bbb
I4: Lack of Transport Encryption	aaa bbb
I5: Privacy Concerns	aaa bbb
I6: Insecure Cloud Interface	aaa bbb
I7: Insecure Mobile Interface	aaa bbb
I8: Insufficient Security Configurability	aaa bbb
I9: Insecure Software/Firmware	aaa bbb
I10: Poor Physical Security	aaa bbb

If you are looking to purchase a device or system, consider the following recommendations:

• Include security in feature considerations when evaluating a product
• Avoid using system defaults for usernames and passwords when possible and choose good passwords and two-factor authentication when possible
• Place Internet of Things devices on a separate wireless network if possible using a firewall

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what is this project? Name: OWASP Internet of Things Top Ten Project (home page) Purpose: Oxford defines the Internet of Things as “a proposed development of the Internet in which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data.” The OWASP Internet of Things (IoT) Top 10 is a project designed to help vendors who are interested in making common appliances and gadgets network/Internet accessible. The project walks through the top ten security problems that are seen with IoT devices, and how to prevent them. License: Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 who is working on this project? Project Leader(s): Daniel Miessler @ how can you learn more? Project Pamphlet: Not Yet Created Project Presentation: Mailing list: Mailing List Archives Project Roadmap: View Key Contacts Contact Daniel Miessler @ to contribute to this project Contact Daniel Miessler @ to review or sponsor this project

current release Not Yet Published last reviewed release Not Yet Reviewed other releases