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| + | Upcoming Site! |
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| − | <div style="width:100%;height:160px;border:0,margin:0;overflow: hidden;">[[File:OWASP_Project_Header.jpg|link=]]</div>
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| − | | |
| − | ==OWASP Internet of Things==
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| − | Oxford defines the Internet of Things as: “A proposed development of the Internet in which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data.”
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| − | ''The OWASP Internet of Things (IoT) Top 10 is a project designed to help manufacturers, developers, and consumers better understand the security issues associated with the Internet of Things, and to enable users in any context to make better security decisions when building, deploying, or assessing IoT technologies''.
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| − | | |
| − | The project defines the top ten security surface areas presented by IoT systems, and provides information on threat agents, attack vectors, vulnerabilities, and impacts associated with each. In addition, the project aims to provide practical security recommendations for builders, breakers, and users of IoT systems.
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| − | | |
| − | ==Licensing==
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| − | The OWASP Internet of Things Top 10 is free to use. It is licensed under the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license], so you can copy, distribute and transmit the work, and you can adapt it, and use it commercially, but all provided that you attribute the work and if you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.
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| − | | |
| − | == ==
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| − | {{Social Media Links}}
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| − | | valign="top" style="padding-left:25px;width:200px;border-right: 1px dotted gray;padding-right:25px;" |
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| − | | |
| − | == What is the OWASP Internet of Things Top 10? ==
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| − | | |
| − | The OWASP Internet of Things Top 10 provides:
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| − | * A list of the 10 Most Significant IoT Security Surface Areas
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| − | * A list of basic recommendations for manufacturers, developers, and consumers
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| − | | |
| − | For each attack surface areas, the following sections are included:
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| − | | |
| − | * A description of the attack surface
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| − | * Threat agents
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| − | * Attack vectors
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| − | * Security weaknesses
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| − | * Technical impacts
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| − | * Business impacts
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| − | * Example vulnerabilities
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| − | * Example attacks
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| − | * Guidance on how to avoid the issue
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| − | * References to OWASP and other related resources
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| − | | |
| − | For each role in Manufacturers, Developers, and Consumer, the following recommendations are included:
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| − | | |
| − | * For each I''N'' category, list the top few considerations that should be observed in that context
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| − | | |
| − | == Project Leaders ==
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| − | | |
| − | * Daniel Miessler
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| − | * Craig Smith
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| − | * Jason Haddix
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| − | | |
| − | == Related Projects ==
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| − | | |
| − | * [https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Mobile_Security_Project The OWASP Mobile Top 10 Project]
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| − | * [https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Top_Ten_Project The OWASP Web Top 10 Project]
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| − | | valign="top" style="padding-left:25px;width:200px;" |
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| − | | |
| − | == Email List ==
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| − | [https://lists.owasp.org/mailman/listinfo/owasp_internet_of_things_top_ten_project Subcribe here]
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| − | | |
| − | == Quick Download ==
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| − | [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B52IUvO0LP6ON2VzZVFkNGF6aVE/view?usp=sharing OWASP Internet of Things Top Ten 2014 PDF]
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| − | [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B52IUvO0LP6OYVoweHNBeVFDdGs/view?usp=sharing OWASP Internet of Things Top Ten 2014 Infographic]
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| − | [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B52IUvO0LP6OUGVWeGZGdnhleFU/view?usp=sharing OWASP Internet of Things Top Ten 2014 PPT]
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| − | [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B52IUvO0LP6OdW1HMjRpM3VVUVE/view?usp=sharing OWASP IoT Top Ten RSA 2015 Presentation]
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| − | | |
| − | == News and Events ==
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| − | * [April 2015] Added the IoT Top 10 talk from RSA
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| − | * [April 2015] Added an IoT Top 10 Infographic
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| − | * IoT day is April 9th!
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| − | * [February 2015] Added a PDF containing a walk through of the project and the Top Ten.
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| − | | |
| − | ==Classifications==
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| − | {| width="200" cellpadding="2"
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| − | | align="center" valign="top" width="50%" rowspan="2"| [[File:Owasp-incubator-trans-85.png|link=https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Project_Stages#tab=Incubator_Projects]]
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| − | | align="center" valign="top" width="50%"| [[File:Owasp-builders-small.png|link=]]
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| − | | align="center" valign="top" width="50%"| [[File:Owasp-defenders-small.png|link=]]
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| − | | colspan="2" align="center" | [[File:Cc-button-y-sa-small.png|link=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/]]
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| − | | colspan="2" align="center" | [[File:Project_Type_Files_DOC.jpg|link=]]
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| − | |}
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | = OWASP Internet of Things Top 10 for 2014 =
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| − | | |
| − | <div style="width:100%;height:160px;border:0,margin:0;overflow: hidden;">[[File:OWASP_Project_Header.jpg|link=]]</div>
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| − | The OWASP Internet of Things Top 10 - 2014 is as follows:
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| − | * [[Top_10_2014-I1 Insecure Web Interface | I1 Insecure Web Interface]]
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| − | * [[Top_10_2014-I2 Insufficient Authentication/Authorization | I2 Insufficient Authentication/Authorization]]
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| − | * [[Top_10_2014-I3 Insecure Network Services | I3 Insecure Network Services]]
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| − | * [[Top_10_2014-I4 Lack of Transport Encryption | I4 Lack of Transport Encryption]]
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| − | * [[Top_10_2014-I5 Privacy Concerns | I5 Privacy Concerns]]
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| − | * [[Top_10_2014-I6 Insecure Cloud Interface | I6 Insecure Cloud Interface]]
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| − | * [[Top_10_2014-I7 Insecure Mobile Interface | I7 Insecure Mobile Interface]]
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| − | * [[Top_10_2014-I8 Insufficient Security Configurability | I8 Insufficient Security Configurability]]
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| − | * [[Top_10_2014-I9 Insecure Software/Firmware | I9 Insecure Software/Firmware]]
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| − | * [[Top_10_2014-I10 Poor Physical Security | I10 Poor Physical Security]]
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | == Introduction ==
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| − | | |
| − | Oxford defines the Internet of Things as “a proposed development of the Internet in which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data.”
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| − | The OWASP Internet of Things (IoT) Top 10 is a project designed to help vendors who are interested in making common appliances and gadgets network/Internet accessible. The project walks through the top ten security problems that are seen with IoT devices, and how to prevent them.
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| − | | |
| − | Examples of IoT Devices: Cars, lighting systems, refrigerators, telephones, SCADA systems, traffic control systems, home security systems, TVs, DVRs, etc…
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | == Feedback ==
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| − | Please let us know how your organization is using the Internet of Things Top 10. Include your name, organization's name, and brief description of how you use the list. Thanks for supporting OWASP!
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| − | | |
| − | == Project Sponsors ==
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| − | | |
| − | * [http://www8.hp.com/us/en/software-solutions/fortify-on-demand-application-security/ HP Fortify on Demand]
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| − | * Contribute and add your name here!
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| − | | |
| − | <!-- ==== Project Identification ====
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| − | {{Template:OWASP OWASP_Top10 Project}} -->
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | = Talks =
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| − | RSA Conference San Francisco <br>
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| − | [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B52IUvO0LP6OdW1HMjRpM3VVUVE/view?usp=sharing Securing the Internet of Things: Mapping IoT Attack Surface Areas with the OWASP IoT Top 10 Project] <br>
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| − | Daniel Miessler, Practice Principal <br>
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| − | April 21, 2015 <br>
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| − | --- <br>
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| − | Defcon 2015 <br>
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| − | IoT Security <br>
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| − | Daniel Miessler <br>
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| − | August 6-9, 2015
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| − | | |
| − | = In the News =
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| − |
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| − | * [http://www.cmswire.com/internet-of-things/mckinsey-the-iot-is-worth-111t-a-year/?utm_source=MainRSSFeed&utm_medium=Web&utm_campaign=RSS-News "McKinsey: The IoT is Worth $11.1T a Year"] ''CMS Wire.'' CMS Wire 05 July 2015
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| − | * [http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20150704/ISSUE01/307049995/why-caterpillar-is-letting-its-geek-flag-fly "Why Caterpillar is letting its geek flag fly"] ''Crain's.'' Crain's 04 July 2015
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| − | * [http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/connectedworld/the-cable-box-might-solve-the-internet-of-things-biggest-problem/ar-AAcqB3E?srcref=rss&ocid=winrs "The cable box might solve the Internet of Thing's biggest problem"] ''msn.com.'' msn.com 04 July 2015
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| − | * [http://www.forbes.com/sites/aarontilley/2015/07/01/the-internet-versus-the-great-california-drought/ "The Internet Versus The Great California Drought"] ''Forbes.'' Forbes 01 July 2015
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| − | | |
| − | = IoT Conferences - July 2015=
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| − | | |
| − | * [http://go.softwebsolutions.com/l/12632/2015-06-09/25vn7f Softweb Solutions Internet of Things Workshop Partnered with Microsoft] Downers Grove, US July 09
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| − | * [https://www.media.mit.edu/events/knotty/overview?utm_content=buffer56e60&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer Knotty Objects | MIT Media Lab Summit | MIT Media Lab] Boston, US July 15 - 16
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| − | * [http://www.unicomlearning.com/IoTweek/usa/2015/Internet_of_Things Internet of Things Chicago] Chicago, US July 17
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| − | * [http://iotinfluencers.com/siliconvalley/ APPNATION Internet of Things (IoT) Summit] Santa Clara US July 20 - 21
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| − | * [https://www.blackhat.com/us-15/training/ Black Hat USA 2015 - Offensive IoT Exploitation] Las Vegas, US August 01 - 06
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| − | * [https://www.iotvillage.org/ IoT - Internet of Things] Las Vegas US August 06 - 09
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| − | | |
| − | = Community =
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| − | | |
| − | [https://www.iamthecavalry.org/ I Am The Cavalry]
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| − | | |
| − | A global grassroots organization that is focused on issues where computer security intersects public safety and human life.
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| − | | |
| − | Their areas of focus include:
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| − | * Medical devices
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| − | * Automobiles
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| − | * Home Electronics
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| − | * Public Infrastructure
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| − | == ==
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| − | [https://ifttt.com/ If This Then That (IFTTT)]
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| − | | |
| − | A service that lets you create powerful connections with one simple statement.
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| − | | |
| − | Channels are the basic building blocks of IFTTT. Channels include:
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| − | * Triggers - The ''this'' part of a Recipe
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| − | * Actions - The ''that'' part of a Recipe
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| − | == ==
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| − | [http://builditsecure.ly BuildItSecure.ly]
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| − | | |
| − | A project focused on helping small business connect with security researchers to aid in securing their IoT-based products before going market.
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| − | | |
| − | Their goals include:
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| − | * Focus effort towards small business
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| − | * Build partnerships
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| − | * Coordinate efforts
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| − | * Curate informational resources
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| − | * Present research
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| − | | |
| − | = Manufacturers =
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| − | | |
| − | == Manufacturer IoT Security Guidance ==
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| − | | |
| − | (DRAFT)
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| − | | |
| − | [[File:Internet_of_Things_Top_10_2014.png]]
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| − | | |
| − | The goal of this page is help manufacturers build more secure products in the Internet of Things space. The guidance below is at a basic level, giving builders of products a basic set of guidelines to consider from their perspective. This is not a comprehensive list of considerations, and should not be treated as such, but ensuring that these fundamentals are covered will greatly improve the security of any IoT product.
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| − | | |
| − | {| border="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
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| − | ! Category
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| − | ! IoT Security Consideration
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''I1: Insecure Web Interface'''
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| − | |
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| − | * Ensure that any web interface in the product disallows weak passwords
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| − | * Ensure that any web interface in the product has an account lockout mechanism
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| − | * Ensure that any web interface in the product has been tested for XSS, SQLi and CSRF vulnerabilities
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| − | * Ensure that any web interface has the ability to use HTTPS to protect transmitted information
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| − | * Include web application firewalls to protect any web interfaces
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| − | * Ensure that any web interface allows the owner to change the default username and password
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''I2: Insufficient Authentication/Authorization'''
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| − | |
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| − | * Ensure that any access requiring authentication requires strong passwords
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| − | * Ensure that user roles can be properly segregated in multi-user environments
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| − | * Implement two-factor authentication where possible
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| − | * Ensure password recovery mechanisms are secure
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| − | * Ensure that users have the option to require strong passwords
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| − | * Ensure that users have the option to force password expiration after a specific period
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| − | * Ensure that users have the option to change the default username and password
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''I3: Insecure Network Services'''
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| − | |
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| − | * Ensure all devices operate with a minimal number of network ports active
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| − | * Ensure all devices do not make network ports and/or services available to the internet via UPnP for example
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| − | * Review all required network services for vulnerabilities such as buffer overflows or denial of service
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''I4: Lack of Transport Encryption'''
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| − | |
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| − | * Ensure all communication between system components is encrypted as well as encrypting traffic between the system or device and the internet
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| − | * Use recommended and accepted encryption practices and avoid proprietary protocols
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| − | * Ensure SSL/TLS implementations are up to date and properly configured
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| − | * Consider making a firewall option available for the product
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''I5: Privacy Concerns'''
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| − | |
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| − | * Ensure only the minimal amount of personal information is collected from consumers
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| − | * Ensure all collected personal data is properly protected using encryption at rest and in transit
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| − | * Ensure only authorized individuals have access to collected personal information
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| − | * Ensure only less sensitive data is collected
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| − | * Ensuring data is de-identified or anonymized
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| − | * Ensuring a data retention policy is in place
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| − | * Ensuring end-users are given a choice for data collected beyond what is needed for proper operation of the device
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''I6: Insecure Cloud Interface'''
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| − | |
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| − | * Ensure all cloud interfaces are reviewed for security vulnerabilities (e.g. API interfaces and cloud-based web interfaces)
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| − | * Ensure that any cloud-based web interface disallows weak passwords
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| − | * Ensure that any cloud-based web interface has an account lockout mechanism
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| − | * Implement two-factor authentication for cloud-based web interfaces
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| − | * Ensure that all cloud interfaces use transport encryption
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| − | * Ensure that any cloud-based web interface has been tested for XSS, SQLi and CSRF vulnerabilities
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| − | * Ensure that users have the option to require strong passwords
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| − | * Ensure that users have the option to force password expiration after a specific period
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| − | * Ensure that users have the option to change the default username and password
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''I7: Insecure Mobile Interface'''
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| − | |
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| − | * Ensure that any mobile application disallows weak passwords
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| − | * Ensure that any mobile application has an account lockout mechanism
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| − | * Implement two-factor authentication for mobile applications (e.g Apple's Touch ID)
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| − | * Ensure that any mobile application uses transport encryption
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| − | * Ensure that users have the option to require strong passwords
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| − | * Ensure that users have the option to force password expiration after a specific period
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| − | * Ensure that users have the option to change the default username and password
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''I8: Insufficient Security Configurability'''
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| − | |
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| − | * Ensure password security options are made available (e.g. Enabling 20 character passwords or enabling two-factor authentication)
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| − | * Ensure encryption options are made available (e.g. Enabling AES-256 where AES-128 is the default setting)
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| − | * Ensure secure logging is available for security events
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| − | * Ensure alerts and notifications are available to the user for security events
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''I9: Insecure Software/Firmware'''
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| − | |
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| − | * Ensure all system devices have update capability and can be updated quickly when vulnerabilities are discovered
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| − | * Ensure update files are encrypted and that the files are also transmitted using encryption
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| − | * Ensure that update files are signed and then validated by the device before installing
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| − | * Ensure update servers are secure
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| − | * Ensure the product has the ability to implement scheduled updates
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''I10: Poor Physical Security'''
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| − | |
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| − | * Ensure the device is produced with a minimal number of physical external ports (e.g. USB ports)
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| − | * Ensure the firmware of Operating System can not be accessed via unintended methods such as through an unnecessary USB port
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| − | * Ensure the product is tamper resistant
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| − | * Ensure the product has the ability to limit administrative capabilities in some fashion, possibly by only connecting locally for admin functions
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| − | * Ensure the product has the ability to disable external ports such as USB
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | ===General Recommendations===
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| − | | |
| − | Consider the following recommendation for all Internet of Things products:
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| − | * Avoid the potential for persistent vulnerabilities in devices that have no update capability by ensuring that all devices and systems are built with the ability to be updated when vulnerabilities are discovered
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| − | * Rebranded devices used as part of a system should be properly configured so that unnecessary or unintended services do not remain active after the rebranding
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| − | | |
| − | [ NOTE: Given the fact that each deployment and every environment is different, it is important to weigh the pros and cons of implementing the advice above before taking each step. ]
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| − | | |
| − | = Developers =
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| − | | |
| − | == Developer IoT Security Guidance ==
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| − | | |
| − | (DRAFT)
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| − | | |
| − | The goal of this page is help developers build more secure applications in the Internet of Things space. The guidance below is at a basic level, giving developers of applications a basic set of guidelines to consider from their perspective. This is not a comprehensive list of considerations, and should not be treated as such, but ensuring that these fundamentals are covered will greatly improve the security of any IoT product.
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| border="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
| |
| − | ! Category
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| − | ! IoT Security Consideration
| |
| − | |-
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| − | | '''I1: Insecure Web Interface'''
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| − | |
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| − | * Ensure that any web interface coding is written to prevent the use of weak passwords
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| − | * Ensure that any web interface coding is written to include an account lockout mechanism
| |
| − | * Ensure that any web interface coding has been tested for XSS, SQLi and CSRF vulnerabilities
| |
| − | * Ensure that any web interface has the ability to use HTTPS to protect transmitted information
| |
| − | * Ensure that any web interface coding is written to allow the owner to change the username and password
| |
| − | * Consider the use of web application firewalls to protect any web interfaces
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''I2: Insufficient Authentication/Authorization'''
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| − | |
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| − | * Ensure that applications are written to require strong passwords where authentication is needed
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| − | * Ensure the application takes into account multi-user environments and includes functionality for role separation
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| − | * Implement two-factor authentication where possible
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| − | * Ensure password recovery mechanisms are written to function in a secure manner
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| − | * Ensure that applications are written to include the option to require strong passwords
| |
| − | * Ensure that applications are written to include the option to force password expiration after a specific period
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| − | * Ensure that applications are written to include the option to change the default username and password
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''I3: Insecure Network Services'''
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| − | |
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| − | * Ensure applications that use network services don't respond poorly to buffer overflow, fuzzing or denial of service attacks
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| − | * Ensure applications test ports are taken out of service before going to production
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''I4: Lack of Transport Encryption'''
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| − | |
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| − | * Ensure all applications are written to make use of encrypted communication between devices and between devices and the internet
| |
| − | * Use recommended and accepted encryption practices and avoid proprietary protocols
| |
| − | * Consider making a firewall option available for the application
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I5: Privacy Concerns'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * Ensure only the minimal amount of personal information is collected from consumers
| |
| − | * Ensure all collected personal data is properly protected using encryption at rest and in transit
| |
| − | * Ensuring data is de-identified or anonymized
| |
| − | * Ensuring end-users are given a choice for data collected beyond what is needed for proper operation of the device
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I6: Insecure Cloud Interface'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * Ensure all cloud interfaces are reviewed for security vulnerabilities (e.g. API interfaces and cloud-based web interfaces)
| |
| − | * Ensure that any cloud-based web interface coding is written to disallows weak passwords
| |
| − | * Ensure that any cloud-based web interface coding is written to include an account lockout mechanism
| |
| − | * Implement two-factor authentication for cloud-based web interfaces
| |
| − | * Ensure that any cloud interface coding has been tested for XSS, SQLi and CSRF vulnerabilities
| |
| − | * Ensure that all cloud interfaces use transport encryption
| |
| − | * Ensure that cloud interfaces are written to include the option to require strong passwords
| |
| − | * Ensure that cloud interfaces are written to include the option to force password expiration after a specific period
| |
| − | * Ensure that cloud interfaces are written to include the option to change the default username and password
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I7: Insecure Mobile Interface'''
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| − | |
| |
| − | * Ensure that any mobile application coding is written to disallows weak passwords
| |
| − | * Ensure that any mobile application coding is written to include an account lockout mechanism
| |
| − | * Implement two-factor authentication for mobile applications (e.g Apple's Touch ID)
| |
| − | * Ensure that any mobile application uses transport encryption
| |
| − | * Ensure that mobile interfaces are written to include the option to require strong passwords
| |
| − | * Ensure that mobile interfaces are written to include the option to force password expiration after a specific period
| |
| − | * Ensure that mobile interfaces are written to include the option to change the default username and password
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| − | * Ensure that mobile interfaces only collect the minimum amount of personal information needed
| |
| − | |-
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| − | | '''I8: Insufficient Security Configurability'''
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| − | |
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| − | * Ensure applications are written to include password security options (e.g. Enabling 20 character passwords or enabling two-factor authentication)
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| − | * Ensure applications are written to include encryption options (e.g. Enabling AES-256 where AES-128 is the default setting)
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| − | * Ensure all applications are written to produce logs for security events
| |
| − | * Ensure all applications are written to produce alerts and notifications to the user for security events
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I9: Insecure Software/Firmware'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * Ensure all applications are written to include update capability and can be updated quickly when vulnerabilities are discovered
| |
| − | * Ensure all applications are written to process encrypted update files and that the files are transmitted using encryption
| |
| − | * Ensure all applications are written to process signed files and then validate that file before installation
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I10: Poor Physical Security'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * Ensure applications are written to utilize a minimal number of physical external ports (e.g. USB ports) on the device
| |
| − | * Ensure all applications can not be accessed via unintended methods such as through an unnecessary USB port
| |
| − | * Ensure all applications are written to allow for disabling of unused physical ports such as USB
| |
| − | * Consider writing applications to limit administrative capabilities to a local interface only
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===General Recommendations===
| |
| − | | |
| − | Consider the following recommendations for all user interfaces (local device, cloud-based and mobile):
| |
| − | * Avoid potential Account Harvesting issues by:
| |
| − | ** Ensuring valid user accounts can't be identified by interface error messages
| |
| − | ** Ensuring strong passwords are required by users
| |
| − | ** Implementing account lockout after 3 - 5 failed login attempts
| |
| − | | |
| − | [ NOTE: Given the fact that each deployment and every environment is different, it is important to weigh the pros and cons of implementing the advice above before taking each step. ]
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | = Testers =
| |
| − | | |
| − | == Tester IoT Security Guidance ==
| |
| − | | |
| − | (DRAFT)
| |
| − | | |
| − | The goal of this page is to help testers assess IoT devices and applications in the Internet of Things space. The guidance below is at a basic level, giving testers of devices and applications a basic set of guidelines to consider from their perspective. This is not a comprehensive list of considerations, and should not be treated as such, but ensuring that these fundamentals are covered will greatly improve the security of any IoT product.
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| border="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
| |
| − | ! Category
| |
| − | ! IoT Security Consideration
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I1: Insecure Web Interface'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * Assess any web interface to determine if weak passwords are allowed
| |
| − | * Assess the account lockout mechanism
| |
| − | * Assess the web interface for XSS, SQLi and CSRF vulnerabilities and other web application vulnerabilities
| |
| − | * Assess the use of HTTPS to protect transmitted information
| |
| − | * Assess the ability to change the username and password
| |
| − | * Determine if web application firewalls are used to protect web interfaces
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I2: Insufficient Authentication/Authorization'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * Assess the solution for the use of strong passwords where authentication is needed
| |
| − | * Assess the solution for multi-user environments and ensure it includes functionality for role separation
| |
| − | * Assess the solution for Implementation two-factor authentication where possible
| |
| − | * Assess password recovery mechanisms
| |
| − | * Assess the solution for the option to require strong passwords
| |
| − | * Assess the solution for the option to force password expiration after a specific period
| |
| − | * Assess the solution for the option to change the default username and password
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I3: Insecure Network Services'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * Assess the solution to ensure network services don't respond poorly to buffer overflow, fuzzing or denial of service attacks
| |
| − | * Assess the solution to ensure test ports are are not present
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I4: Lack of Transport Encryption'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * Assess the solution to determine the use of encrypted communication between devices and between devices and the internet
| |
| − | * Assess the solution to determine if accepted encryption practices are used and if proprietary protocols are avoided
| |
| − | * Assess the solution to determine if a firewall option available is available
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I5: Privacy Concerns'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * Assess the solution to determine the amount of personal information collected
| |
| − | * Assess the solution to determine if collected personal data is properly protected using encryption at rest and in transit
| |
| − | * Assess the solution to determine if Ensuring data is de-identified or anonymized
| |
| − | * Assess the solution to ensure end-users are given a choice for data collected beyond what is needed for proper operation of the device
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I6: Insecure Cloud Interface'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * Assess the cloud interfaces for security vulnerabilities (e.g. API interfaces and cloud-based web interfaces)
| |
| − | * Assess the cloud-based web interface to ensure it disallows weak passwords
| |
| − | * Assess the cloud-based web interface to ensure it includes an account lockout mechanism
| |
| − | * Assess the cloud-based web interface to determine if two-factor authentication is used
| |
| − | * Assess any cloud interfaces for XSS, SQLi and CSRF vulnerabilities and other vulnerabilities
| |
| − | * Assess all cloud interfaces to ensure transport encryption is used
| |
| − | * Assess the cloud interfaces to determine if the option to require strong passwords is available
| |
| − | * Assess the cloud interfaces to determine if the option to force password expiration after a specific period is available
| |
| − | * Assess the cloud interfaces to determine if the option to change the default username and password is available
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I7: Insecure Mobile Interface'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * Assess the mobile interface to ensure it disallows weak passwords
| |
| − | * Assess the mobile interface to ensure it includes an account lockout mechanism
| |
| − | * Assess the mobile interface to determine if it Implements two-factor authentication (e.g Apple's Touch ID)
| |
| − | * Assess the mobile interface to determine if it uses transport encryption
| |
| − | * Assess the mobile interface to determine if the option to require strong passwords is available
| |
| − | * Assess the mobile interface to determine if the option to force password expiration after a specific period is available
| |
| − | * Assess the mobile interface to determine if the option to change the default username and password is available
| |
| − | * Assess the mobile interface to determine the amount of personal information collected
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I8: Insufficient Security Configurability'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * Assess the solution to determine if password security options (e.g. Enabling 20 character passwords or enabling two-factor authentication) are available
| |
| − | * Assess the solution to determine if encryption options (e.g. Enabling AES-256 where AES-128 is the default setting) are available
| |
| − | * Assess the solution to determine if logging for security events is available
| |
| − | * Assess the solution to determine if alerts and notifications to the user for security events are available
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I9: Insecure Software/Firmware'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * Assess the device to ensure it includes update capability and can be updated quickly when vulnerabilities are discovered
| |
| − | * Assess the device to ensure it uses encrypted update files and that the files are transmitted using encryption
| |
| − | * Assess the device to ensure is uses signed files and then validates that file before installation
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I10: Poor Physical Security'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * Assess the device to ensure it utilizes a minimal number of physical external ports (e.g. USB ports) on the device
| |
| − | * Assess the device to determine if it can be accessed via unintended methods such as through an unnecessary USB port
| |
| − | * Assess the device to determine if it allows for disabling of unused physical ports such as USB
| |
| − | * Assess the device to determine if it includes the ability to limit administrative capabilities to a local interface only
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===General Recommendations===
| |
| − | | |
| − | Consider the following recommendations for all user interfaces (local device, cloud-based and mobile):
| |
| − | * Avoid potential Account Harvesting issues by:
| |
| − | ** Ensuring valid user accounts can't be identified by interface error messages
| |
| − | ** Ensuring strong passwords are required by users
| |
| − | ** Implementing account lockout after 3 - 5 failed login attempts
| |
| − | | |
| − | = Consumers =
| |
| − | | |
| − | == Consumer IoT Security Guidance ==
| |
| − | | |
| − | (DRAFT)
| |
| − | | |
| − | The goal of this page is help consumers purchase secure products in the Internet of Things space. The guidance below is at a basic level, giving consumers a basic set of guidelines to consider from their perspective. This is not a comprehensive list of considerations, and should not be treated as such, but ensuring that these fundamentals are covered will greatly aid the consumer in purchasing a secure IoT product.
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| border="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"
| |
| − | ! Category
| |
| − | ! IoT Security Consideration
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I1: Insecure Web Interface'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * If your system has the option to use HTTPS, ensure it is enabled
| |
| − | * If your system has a two factor authentication option, ensure that it is enabled
| |
| − | * If your system has web application firewall option, ensure that it is enabled
| |
| − | * If your system has a local or cloud-based web application, ensure that you change the default password to a strong one and if possible change the default username as well
| |
| − | * If the system has account lockout functionality, ensure that it is enabled
| |
| − | * Consider employing network segmentation technologies such as firewalls to isolate IoT systems from critical IT systems
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I2: Insufficient Authentication/Authorization'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * If your system has a local or cloud-based web application, ensure that you change the default password to a strong one and if possible change the default username as well
| |
| − | * If the system has account lockout functionality, ensure that it is enabled
| |
| − | * If the system has the option to require strong passwords, ensure that is enabled
| |
| − | * If the system has the option to require new passwords after 90 days for example, ensure that is enabled
| |
| − | * If your system has a two factor authentication option, ensure that it is enabled
| |
| − | * If your system has the option to set user privileges, consider setting user privileges to the minimal needed for operation
| |
| − | * Consider employing network segmentation technologies such as firewalls to isolate IoT systems from critical IT systems
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I3: Insecure Network Services'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * If your system has a firewall option available, enable it and ensure that it can only be accessed from your client systems
| |
| − | * Consider employing network segmentation technologies such as firewalls to isolate IoT systems from critical IT systems
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I4: Lack of Transport Encryption'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * If your system has the option to use HTTPS, ensure it is enabled
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I5: Privacy Concerns'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * Do not enter sensitive information into the system that is not absolutely required, e.g. address, DOB, CC, etc.
| |
| − | * Deny data collection if it appears to be beyond what is needed for proper operation of the device (If provided the choice)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I6: Insecure Cloud Interface'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * If your system has the option to use HTTPS, ensure it is enabled
| |
| − | * If your system has a two factor authentication option, ensure that it is enabled
| |
| − | * If your system has web application firewall option, ensure that it is enabled
| |
| − | * If your system has a local or cloud-based web application, ensure that you change the default password to a strong one and if possible change the default username as well
| |
| − | * If the system has account lockout functionality, ensure that it is enabled
| |
| − | * If the system has the option to require strong passwords, ensure that is enabled
| |
| − | * If the system has the option to require new passwords after 90 days for example, ensure that is enabled
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I7: Insecure Mobile Interface'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * If the mobile application has the option to require a PIN or password, consider using it for extra security (on client and server)
| |
| − | * If the mobile application has the option to use two factory authentication such as Apple's Touch ID, ensure it is enabled
| |
| − | * If the system has account lockout functionality, ensure that it is enabled
| |
| − | * If the system has the option to require strong passwords, ensure that is enabled
| |
| − | * If the system has the option to require new passwords after 90 days for example, ensure that is enabled
| |
| − | * Do not enter sensitive information into the mobile application that is not absolutely required, e.g. address, DOB, CC, etc.
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I8: Insufficient Security Configurability'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * If your system has the option, enable any logging functionality for security-related events
| |
| − | * If your system has the option, enable any alert and notification functionality for security-related events
| |
| − | * If your system has security options for passwords, ensure they are enabled for strong passwords
| |
| − | * If your system has security options for encryption, ensure they are set for an accepted standard such as AES-256
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I9: Insecure Software/Firmware'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * If your system has the option to verify updates, ensure it is enabled
| |
| − | * If your system has the option to download updates securely, ensure it is enabled
| |
| − | * If your system has the ability to schedule updates on a regular cadence, consider enabling it
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''I10: Poor Physical Security'''
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * If your system has the ability to limit administrative capabilities possible by connecting locally, consider enabling that feature
| |
| − | * Disable any unused physical ports through the administrative interface
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===General Recommendations===
| |
| − | | |
| − | If you are looking to purchase a device or system, consider the following recommendations:
| |
| − | * Include security in feature considerations when evaluating a product
| |
| − | * Place Internet of Things devices on a separate network if possible using a firewall
| |
| − | | |
| − | [ NOTE: Given the fact that each deployment and every environment is different, it is important to weigh the pros and cons of implementing the advice above before taking each step. ]
| |
| − | | |
| − | = Project Details =
| |
| − | | |
| − | <div style="width:100%;height:160px;border:0,margin:0;overflow: hidden;">[[File:OWASP_Project_Header.jpg|link=]]</div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | {{:Projects/OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Top_Ten_Project}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | __NOTOC__ <headertabs />
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Category:OWASP_Project]] [[Category:OWASP_Document]] [[Category:OWASP_Download]] [[Category:OWASP_Release_Quality_Document]]
| |
