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Difference between revisions of "Guide Table of Contents"
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=[[Guide Frontispiece|Frontispiece]]= | =[[Guide Frontispiece|Frontispiece]]= | ||
− | + | ## Dedication | |
− | + | ## Copyright and license | |
− | + | ## Editors | |
− | + | ## Authors and Reviewers | |
− | + | ## Revision History | |
+ | =[[About The Open Web Application Security Project]]= | ||
+ | ##Structure and Licensing | ||
+ | ##Participation and Membership | ||
+ | ##Projects | ||
+ | =[[Guide Introduction | Introduction]]= | ||
+ | ##Developing Secure Applications | ||
+ | ##Improvements in this edition | ||
+ | ##How to use this Guide | ||
+ | ##Updates and errata | ||
+ | ##With thanks | ||
+ | =[[What are web applications?]]= | ||
+ | ##Technologies | ||
+ | ##First generation – CGI | ||
+ | ##Filters | ||
+ | ##Scripting | ||
+ | ##Web application frameworks – J | ||
+ | ##Small to medium scale applications | ||
+ | ##Large scale applications | ||
+ | ##View | ||
+ | ##Controller | ||
+ | ##Model | ||
+ | ##Conclusion | ||
+ | =[[Policy Frameworks]]= | ||
+ | ##Organizational commitment to security | ||
+ | ##OWASP’s Place at the Framework table | ||
+ | ##Development Methodology | ||
+ | ##Coding Standards | ||
+ | ##Source Code Control | ||
+ | ##Summary | ||
+ | =[[Secure Coding Principles]]= | ||
+ | ##Asset Classification | ||
+ | ##About attackers | ||
+ | ##Core pillars of information security | ||
+ | ##Security Architecture | ||
+ | ##Security Principles | ||
+ | =[[Threat Risk Modeling]]= | ||
+ | ##Threat Risk Modeling | ||
+ | ##Performing threat risk modeling using the Microsoft Threat Modeling Process | ||
+ | ##Alternative Threat Modeling Systems | ||
+ | ##Trike | ||
+ | ##AS/NZS | ||
+ | ##CVSS | ||
+ | ##OCTAVE | ||
+ | ##Conclusion | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | =[[Handling E-Commerce Payments]]= | ||
+ | ##Objectives | ||
+ | ##Compliance and Laws | ||
+ | ##PCI Compliance | ||
+ | ##Handling Credit Cards | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | =[[Phishing]]= | ||
+ | ##What is phishing? | ||
+ | ##User Education | ||
+ | ##Make it easy for your users to report scams | ||
+ | ##Communicating with customers via e-mail | ||
+ | ##Never ask your customers for their secrets | ||
+ | ##Fix all your XSS issues | ||
+ | ##Do not use pop-ups | ||
+ | ##Don’t be framed | ||
+ | ##Move your application one link away from your front page | ||
+ | ##Enforce local referrers for images and other resources | ||
+ | ##Keep the address bar, use SSL, do not use IP addresses | ||
+ | ##Don’t be the source of identity theft | ||
+ | ##Implement safe-guards within your application | ||
+ | ##Monitor unusual account activity | ||
+ | ##Get the phishing target servers offline pronto | ||
+ | ##Take control of the fraudulent domain name | ||
+ | ##Work with law enforcement | ||
+ | ##When an attack happens | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | =[[Web Services]]= | ||
+ | ##Securing Web Services | ||
+ | ##Communication security | ||
+ | ##Passing credentials | ||
+ | ##Ensuring message freshness | ||
+ | ##Protecting message integrity | ||
+ | ##Protecting message confidentiality | ||
+ | ##Access control | ||
+ | ##Audit | ||
+ | ##Web Services Security Hierarchy | ||
+ | ##SOAP | ||
+ | ##WS-Security Standard | ||
+ | ##WS-Security Building Blocks | ||
+ | ##Communication Protection Mechanisms | ||
+ | ##Access Control Mechanisms | ||
+ | ##Forming Web Service Chains | ||
+ | ##Available Implementations | ||
+ | ##Problems | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | =[[Ajax and Other "Rich" Interface Technologies]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Platforms Affected | ||
+ | ##Architecture | ||
+ | ##Access control: Authentication and Authorization | ||
+ | ##Silent transactional authorization | ||
+ | ##Untrusted or absent session data | ||
+ | ##State management | ||
+ | ##Tamper resistance | ||
+ | ##Privacy | ||
+ | ##Proxy Façade | ||
+ | ##SOAP Injection Attacks | ||
+ | ##XMLRPC Injection Attacks | ||
+ | ##DOM Injection Attacks | ||
+ | ##XML Injection Attacks | ||
+ | ##JSON (Javascript Object Notation) Injection Attacks | ||
+ | ##Encoding safety | ||
+ | ##Auditing | ||
+ | ##Error Handling | ||
+ | ##Accessibility | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | =[[Authentication]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Environments Affected | ||
+ | ##Relevant COBIT Topics | ||
+ | ##Best Practices | ||
+ | ##Common web authentication techniques | ||
+ | ##Strong Authentication | ||
+ | ##Federated Authentication | ||
+ | ##Client side authentication controls | ||
+ | ##Positive Authentication | ||
+ | ##Multiple Key Lookups | ||
+ | ##Referer Checks | ||
+ | ##Browser remembers passwords | ||
+ | ##Default accounts | ||
+ | ##Choice of usernames | ||
+ | ##Change passwords | ||
+ | ##Short passwords | ||
+ | ##Weak password controls | ||
+ | ##Reversible password encryption | ||
+ | ##Automated password resets | ||
+ | ##Brute Force | ||
+ | ##Remember Me | ||
+ | ##Idle Timeouts | ||
+ | ##Logout | ||
+ | ##Account Expiry | ||
+ | ##Self registration | ||
+ | ##CAPTCHA | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | ##Authentication | ||
+ | =[[Authorization]]= | ||
+ | ##Objectives | ||
+ | ##Environments Affected | ||
+ | ##Relevant COBIT Topics | ||
+ | ##Best Practices | ||
+ | ##Best Practices in Action | ||
+ | ##Principle of least privilege | ||
+ | ##Centralized authorization routines | ||
+ | ##Authorization matrix | ||
+ | ##Controlling access to protected resources | ||
+ | ##Protecting access to static resources | ||
+ | ##Reauthorization for high value activities or after idle out | ||
+ | ##Time based authorization | ||
+ | ##Be cautious of custom authorization controls | ||
+ | ##Never implement client-side authorization tokens | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | =[[Session Management]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Environments Affected | ||
+ | ##Relevant COBIT Topics | ||
+ | ##Description | ||
+ | ##Best practices | ||
+ | ##Exposed Session Variables | ||
+ | ##Page and Form Tokens | ||
+ | ##Weak Session Cryptographic Algorithms | ||
+ | ##Session Token Entropy | ||
+ | ##Session Time-out | ||
+ | ##Regeneration of Session Tokens | ||
+ | ##Session Forging/Brute-Forcing Detection and/or Lockout | ||
+ | ##Session Token Capture and Session Hijacking | ||
+ | ##Session Tokens on Logout | ||
+ | ##Session Validation Attacks | ||
+ | ##PHP | ||
+ | ##Sessions | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | ##Session Management | ||
+ | =[[Data Validation]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Platforms Affected | ||
+ | ##Relevant COBIT Topics | ||
+ | ##Description | ||
+ | ##Definitions | ||
+ | ##Where to include integrity checks | ||
+ | ##Where to include validation | ||
+ | ##Where to include business rule validation | ||
+ | ##Data Validation Strategies | ||
+ | ##Prevent parameter tampering | ||
+ | ##Hidden fields | ||
+ | ##ASP.NET Viewstate | ||
+ | ##URL encoding | ||
+ | ##HTML encoding | ||
+ | ##Encoded strings | ||
+ | ##Data Validation and Interpreter Injection | ||
+ | ##Delimiter and special characters | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | =[[Interpreter Injection]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Platforms Affected | ||
+ | ##Relevant COBIT Topics | ||
+ | ##User Agent Injection | ||
+ | ##HTTP Response Splitting | ||
+ | ##SQL Injection | ||
+ | ##ORM Injection | ||
+ | ##LDAP Injection | ||
+ | ##XML Injection | ||
+ | ##Code Injection | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | ##SQL-injection | ||
+ | ##Code Injection | ||
+ | ##Command injection | ||
+ | =[[Canoncalization, locale and Unicode]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Platforms Affected | ||
+ | ##Relevant COBIT Topics | ||
+ | ##Description | ||
+ | ##Unicode | ||
+ | ##http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc## | ||
+ | ##Input Formats | ||
+ | ##Locale assertion | ||
+ | ##Double (or n-) encoding | ||
+ | ## HTTP Request Smuggling | ||
+ | ## Further Reading | ||
+ | =[[Error Handling, Auditing and Logging]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Environments Affected | ||
+ | ##Relevant COBIT Topics | ||
+ | ##Description | ||
+ | ##Best practices | ||
+ | ##Error Handling | ||
+ | ##Detailed error messages | ||
+ | ##Logging | ||
+ | ##Noise | ||
+ | ##Cover Tracks | ||
+ | ##False Alarms | ||
+ | ##Destruction | ||
+ | ##Audit Trails | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | ##Error Handling and Logging | ||
+ | =[[File System]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Environments Affected | ||
+ | ##Relevant COBIT Topics | ||
+ | ##Description | ||
+ | ##Best Practices | ||
+ | ##Defacement | ||
+ | ##Path traversal | ||
+ | ##Insecure permissions | ||
+ | ##Insecure Indexing | ||
+ | ##Unmapped files | ||
+ | ##Temporary files | ||
+ | ##PHP | ||
+ | ##Includes and Remote files | ||
+ | ##File upload | ||
+ | ##Old, unreferenced files | ||
+ | ##Second Order Injection | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | ##File System | ||
+ | =[[Distributed Computing]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Environments Affected | ||
+ | ##Relevant COBIT Topics | ||
+ | ##Best Practices | ||
+ | ##Race conditions | ||
+ | ##Distributed synchronization | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | =[[Buffer Overflows]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Platforms Affected | ||
+ | ##Relevant COBIT Topics | ||
+ | ##Description | ||
+ | ##General Prevention Techniques | ||
+ | ##Stack Overflow | ||
+ | ##Heap Overflow | ||
+ | ##Format String | ||
+ | ##Unicode Overflow | ||
+ | ##Integer Overflow | ||
+ | ##Further reading | ||
+ | =[[Administrative Interface]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Environments Affected | ||
+ | ##Relevant COBIT Topics | ||
+ | ##Best practices | ||
+ | ##Administrators are not users | ||
+ | ##Authentication for high value systems | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | =[[Cryptography]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Platforms Affected | ||
+ | ##Relevant COBIT Topics | ||
+ | ##Description | ||
+ | ##Cryptographic Functions | ||
+ | ##Cryptographic Algorithms | ||
+ | ##Algorithm Selection | ||
+ | ##Key Storage | ||
+ | ##Insecure transmission of secrets | ||
+ | ##Reversible Authentication Tokens | ||
+ | ##Safe UUID generation | ||
+ | ##Summary | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | ##Cryptography | ||
+ | =[[Configuration]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Platforms Affected | ||
+ | ##Relevant COBIT Topics | ||
+ | ##Best Practices | ||
+ | ##Default passwords | ||
+ | ##Secure connection strings | ||
+ | ##Secure network transmission | ||
+ | ##Encrypted data | ||
+ | ##PHP Configuration | ||
+ | ##Global variables | ||
+ | ##register_globals | ||
+ | ##Database security | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | ##ColdFusion Components (CFCs) | ||
+ | ##Configuration | ||
+ | =[[Software Quality Assurance]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Platforms Affected | ||
+ | ##Best practices | ||
+ | ##Process | ||
+ | ##Metrics | ||
+ | ##Testing Activities | ||
+ | =[[Deployment]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Platforms Affected | ||
+ | ##Best Practices | ||
+ | ##Release Management | ||
+ | ##Secure delivery of code | ||
+ | ##Code signing | ||
+ | ##Permissions are set to least privilege | ||
+ | ##Automated packaging | ||
+ | ##Automated deployment | ||
+ | ##Automated removal | ||
+ | ##No backup or old files | ||
+ | ##Unnecessary features are off by default | ||
+ | ##Setup log files are clean | ||
+ | ##No default accounts | ||
+ | ##Easter eggs | ||
+ | ##Malicious software | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | =[[Maintenance]]= | ||
+ | ##Objective | ||
+ | ##Platforms Affected | ||
+ | ##Relevant COBIT Topics | ||
+ | ##Best Practices | ||
+ | ##Security Incident Response | ||
+ | ##Fix Security Issues Correctly | ||
+ | ##Update Notifications | ||
+ | ##Regularly check permissions | ||
+ | ##Further Reading | ||
+ | ##Maintenance | ||
+ | =[[GNU Free Documentation License]]= | ||
+ | ##PREAMBLE | ||
+ | ##APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | ||
+ | ##VERBATIM COPYING | ||
+ | ##COPYING IN QUANTITY | ||
+ | ##MODIFICATIONS | ||
+ | ##COMBINING DOCUMENTS | ||
+ | ##COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | ||
+ | ##AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | ||
+ | ##TRANSLATION | ||
+ | ##TERMINATION | ||
+ | ##FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | ||
+ | |||
=[[About The Open Web Application Security Project]]= | =[[About The Open Web Application Security Project]]= | ||
##Structure and Licensing | ##Structure and Licensing |
Revision as of 12:49, 22 May 2006
- 1 Frontispiece
- 2 About The Open Web Application Security Project
- 3 Introduction
- 4 What are web applications?
- 5 Policy Frameworks
- 6 Secure Coding Principles
- 7 Threat Risk Modeling
- 8 Handling E-Commerce Payments
- 9 Phishing
- 10 Web Services
- 11 Ajax and Other "Rich" Interface Technologies
- 12 Authentication
- 13 Authorization
- 14 Session Management
- 15 Data Validation
- 16 Interpreter Injection
- 17 Canoncalization, locale and Unicode
- 18 Error Handling, Auditing and Logging
- 19 File System
- 20 Distributed Computing
- 21 Buffer Overflows
- 22 Administrative Interface
- 23 Cryptography
- 24 Configuration
- 25 Software Quality Assurance
- 26 Deployment
- 27 Maintenance
- 28 GNU Free Documentation License
- 29 About The Open Web Application Security Project
- 30 Introduction
Frontispiece
- Dedication
- Copyright and license
- Editors
- Authors and Reviewers
- Revision History
About The Open Web Application Security Project
- Structure and Licensing
- Participation and Membership
- Projects
Introduction
- Developing Secure Applications
- Improvements in this edition
- How to use this Guide
- Updates and errata
- With thanks
What are web applications?
- Technologies
- First generation – CGI
- Filters
- Scripting
- Web application frameworks – J
- Small to medium scale applications
- Large scale applications
- View
- Controller
- Model
- Conclusion
Policy Frameworks
- Organizational commitment to security
- OWASP’s Place at the Framework table
- Development Methodology
- Coding Standards
- Source Code Control
- Summary
Secure Coding Principles
- Asset Classification
- About attackers
- Core pillars of information security
- Security Architecture
- Security Principles
Threat Risk Modeling
- Threat Risk Modeling
- Performing threat risk modeling using the Microsoft Threat Modeling Process
- Alternative Threat Modeling Systems
- Trike
- AS/NZS
- CVSS
- OCTAVE
- Conclusion
- Further Reading
Handling E-Commerce Payments
- Objectives
- Compliance and Laws
- PCI Compliance
- Handling Credit Cards
- Further Reading
Phishing
- What is phishing?
- User Education
- Make it easy for your users to report scams
- Communicating with customers via e-mail
- Never ask your customers for their secrets
- Fix all your XSS issues
- Do not use pop-ups
- Don’t be framed
- Move your application one link away from your front page
- Enforce local referrers for images and other resources
- Keep the address bar, use SSL, do not use IP addresses
- Don’t be the source of identity theft
- Implement safe-guards within your application
- Monitor unusual account activity
- Get the phishing target servers offline pronto
- Take control of the fraudulent domain name
- Work with law enforcement
- When an attack happens
- Further Reading
Web Services
- Securing Web Services
- Communication security
- Passing credentials
- Ensuring message freshness
- Protecting message integrity
- Protecting message confidentiality
- Access control
- Audit
- Web Services Security Hierarchy
- SOAP
- WS-Security Standard
- WS-Security Building Blocks
- Communication Protection Mechanisms
- Access Control Mechanisms
- Forming Web Service Chains
- Available Implementations
- Problems
- Further Reading
Ajax and Other "Rich" Interface Technologies
- Objective
- Platforms Affected
- Architecture
- Access control: Authentication and Authorization
- Silent transactional authorization
- Untrusted or absent session data
- State management
- Tamper resistance
- Privacy
- Proxy Façade
- SOAP Injection Attacks
- XMLRPC Injection Attacks
- DOM Injection Attacks
- XML Injection Attacks
- JSON (Javascript Object Notation) Injection Attacks
- Encoding safety
- Auditing
- Error Handling
- Accessibility
- Further Reading
Authentication
- Objective
- Environments Affected
- Relevant COBIT Topics
- Best Practices
- Common web authentication techniques
- Strong Authentication
- Federated Authentication
- Client side authentication controls
- Positive Authentication
- Multiple Key Lookups
- Referer Checks
- Browser remembers passwords
- Default accounts
- Choice of usernames
- Change passwords
- Short passwords
- Weak password controls
- Reversible password encryption
- Automated password resets
- Brute Force
- Remember Me
- Idle Timeouts
- Logout
- Account Expiry
- Self registration
- CAPTCHA
- Further Reading
- Authentication
Authorization
- Objectives
- Environments Affected
- Relevant COBIT Topics
- Best Practices
- Best Practices in Action
- Principle of least privilege
- Centralized authorization routines
- Authorization matrix
- Controlling access to protected resources
- Protecting access to static resources
- Reauthorization for high value activities or after idle out
- Time based authorization
- Be cautious of custom authorization controls
- Never implement client-side authorization tokens
- Further Reading
Session Management
- Objective
- Environments Affected
- Relevant COBIT Topics
- Description
- Best practices
- Exposed Session Variables
- Page and Form Tokens
- Weak Session Cryptographic Algorithms
- Session Token Entropy
- Session Time-out
- Regeneration of Session Tokens
- Session Forging/Brute-Forcing Detection and/or Lockout
- Session Token Capture and Session Hijacking
- Session Tokens on Logout
- Session Validation Attacks
- PHP
- Sessions
- Further Reading
- Session Management
Data Validation
- Objective
- Platforms Affected
- Relevant COBIT Topics
- Description
- Definitions
- Where to include integrity checks
- Where to include validation
- Where to include business rule validation
- Data Validation Strategies
- Prevent parameter tampering
- Hidden fields
- ASP.NET Viewstate
- URL encoding
- HTML encoding
- Encoded strings
- Data Validation and Interpreter Injection
- Delimiter and special characters
- Further Reading
Interpreter Injection
- Objective
- Platforms Affected
- Relevant COBIT Topics
- User Agent Injection
- HTTP Response Splitting
- SQL Injection
- ORM Injection
- LDAP Injection
- XML Injection
- Code Injection
- Further Reading
- SQL-injection
- Code Injection
- Command injection
Canoncalization, locale and Unicode
- Objective
- Platforms Affected
- Relevant COBIT Topics
- Description
- Unicode
- http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc##
- Input Formats
- Locale assertion
- Double (or n-) encoding
- HTTP Request Smuggling
- Further Reading
Error Handling, Auditing and Logging
- Objective
- Environments Affected
- Relevant COBIT Topics
- Description
- Best practices
- Error Handling
- Detailed error messages
- Logging
- Noise
- Cover Tracks
- False Alarms
- Destruction
- Audit Trails
- Further Reading
- Error Handling and Logging
File System
- Objective
- Environments Affected
- Relevant COBIT Topics
- Description
- Best Practices
- Defacement
- Path traversal
- Insecure permissions
- Insecure Indexing
- Unmapped files
- Temporary files
- PHP
- Includes and Remote files
- File upload
- Old, unreferenced files
- Second Order Injection
- Further Reading
- File System
Distributed Computing
- Objective
- Environments Affected
- Relevant COBIT Topics
- Best Practices
- Race conditions
- Distributed synchronization
- Further Reading
Buffer Overflows
- Objective
- Platforms Affected
- Relevant COBIT Topics
- Description
- General Prevention Techniques
- Stack Overflow
- Heap Overflow
- Format String
- Unicode Overflow
- Integer Overflow
- Further reading
Administrative Interface
- Objective
- Environments Affected
- Relevant COBIT Topics
- Best practices
- Administrators are not users
- Authentication for high value systems
- Further Reading
Cryptography
- Objective
- Platforms Affected
- Relevant COBIT Topics
- Description
- Cryptographic Functions
- Cryptographic Algorithms
- Algorithm Selection
- Key Storage
- Insecure transmission of secrets
- Reversible Authentication Tokens
- Safe UUID generation
- Summary
- Further Reading
- Cryptography
Configuration
- Objective
- Platforms Affected
- Relevant COBIT Topics
- Best Practices
- Default passwords
- Secure connection strings
- Secure network transmission
- Encrypted data
- PHP Configuration
- Global variables
- register_globals
- Database security
- Further Reading
- ColdFusion Components (CFCs)
- Configuration
Software Quality Assurance
- Objective
- Platforms Affected
- Best practices
- Process
- Metrics
- Testing Activities
Deployment
- Objective
- Platforms Affected
- Best Practices
- Release Management
- Secure delivery of code
- Code signing
- Permissions are set to least privilege
- Automated packaging
- Automated deployment
- Automated removal
- No backup or old files
- Unnecessary features are off by default
- Setup log files are clean
- No default accounts
- Easter eggs
- Malicious software
- Further Reading
Maintenance
- Objective
- Platforms Affected
- Relevant COBIT Topics
- Best Practices
- Security Incident Response
- Fix Security Issues Correctly
- Update Notifications
- Regularly check permissions
- Further Reading
- Maintenance
GNU Free Documentation License
- PREAMBLE
- APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
- VERBATIM COPYING
- COPYING IN QUANTITY
- MODIFICATIONS
- COMBINING DOCUMENTS
- COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
- AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
- TRANSLATION
- TERMINATION
- FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
About The Open Web Application Security Project
##Structure and Licensing ##Participation and Membership ##Projects
Introduction
##Developing Secure Applications ##Improvements in this edition ##How to use this Guide ##Updates and errata ##With thanks =What are web applications?= ##Technologies ##First generation – CGI ##Filters ##Scripting ##Web application frameworks – J ##Small to medium scale applications ##Large scale applications ##View ##Controller ##Model ##Conclusion =Policy Frameworks= ##Organizational commitment to security ##OWASP’s Place at the Framework table ##Development Methodology ##Coding Standards ##Source Code Control ##Summary =Secure Coding Principles= ##Asset Classification ##About attackers ##Core pillars of information security ##Security Architecture ##Security Principles =Threat Risk Modeling= ##Threat Risk Modeling ##Performing threat risk modeling using the Microsoft Threat Modeling Process ##Alternative Threat Modeling Systems ##Trike ##AS/NZS ##CVSS ##OCTAVE ##Conclusion ##Further Reading =Handling E-Commerce Payments= ##Objectives ##Compliance and Laws ##PCI Compliance ##Handling Credit Cards ##Further Reading =Phishing= ##What is phishing? ##User Education ##Make it easy for your users to report scams ##Communicating with customers via e-mail ##Never ask your customers for their secrets ##Fix all your XSS issues ##Do not use pop-ups ##Don’t be framed ##Move your application one link away from your front page ##Enforce local referrers for images and other resources ##Keep the address bar, use SSL, do not use IP addresses ##Don’t be the source of identity theft ##Implement safe-guards within your application ##Monitor unusual account activity ##Get the phishing target servers offline pronto ##Take control of the fraudulent domain name ##Work with law enforcement ##When an attack happens ##Further Reading =Web Services= ##Securing Web Services ##Communication security ##Passing credentials ##Ensuring message freshness ##Protecting message integrity ##Protecting message confidentiality ##Access control ##Audit ##Web Services Security Hierarchy ##SOAP ##WS-Security Standard ##WS-Security Building Blocks ##Communication Protection Mechanisms ##Access Control Mechanisms ##Forming Web Service Chains ##Available Implementations ##Problems ##Further Reading =Ajax and Other "Rich" Interface Technologies= ##Objective ##Platforms Affected ##Architecture ##Access control: Authentication and Authorization ##Silent transactional authorization ##Untrusted or absent session data ##State management ##Tamper resistance ##Privacy ##Proxy Façade ##SOAP Injection Attacks ##XMLRPC Injection Attacks ##DOM Injection Attacks ##XML Injection Attacks ##JSON (Javascript Object Notation) Injection Attacks ##Encoding safety ##Auditing ##Error Handling ##Accessibility ##Further Reading =Authentication= ##Objective ##Environments Affected ##Relevant COBIT Topics ##Best Practices ##Common web authentication techniques ##Strong Authentication ##Federated Authentication ##Client side authentication controls ##Positive Authentication ##Multiple Key Lookups ##Referer Checks ##Browser remembers passwords ##Default accounts ##Choice of usernames ##Change passwords ##Short passwords ##Weak password controls ##Reversible password encryption ##Automated password resets ##Brute Force ##Remember Me ##Idle Timeouts ##Logout ##Account Expiry ##Self registration ##CAPTCHA ##Further Reading ##Authentication =Authorization= ##Objectives ##Environments Affected ##Relevant COBIT Topics ##Best Practices ##Best Practices in Action ##Principle of least privilege ##Centralized authorization routines ##Authorization matrix ##Controlling access to protected resources ##Protecting access to static resources ##Reauthorization for high value activities or after idle out ##Time based authorization ##Be cautious of custom authorization controls ##Never implement client-side authorization tokens ##Further Reading =Session Management= ##Objective ##Environments Affected ##Relevant COBIT Topics ##Description ##Best practices ##Exposed Session Variables ##Page and Form Tokens ##Weak Session Cryptographic Algorithms ##Session Token Entropy ##Session Time-out ##Regeneration of Session Tokens ##Session Forging/Brute-Forcing Detection and/or Lockout ##Session Token Capture and Session Hijacking ##Session Tokens on Logout ##Session Validation Attacks ##PHP ##Sessions ##Further Reading ##Session Management =Data Validation= ##Objective ##Platforms Affected ##Relevant COBIT Topics ##Description ##Definitions ##Where to include integrity checks ##Where to include validation ##Where to include business rule validation ##Data Validation Strategies ##Prevent parameter tampering ##Hidden fields ##ASP.NET Viewstate ##URL encoding ##HTML encoding ##Encoded strings ##Data Validation and Interpreter Injection ##Delimiter and special characters ##Further Reading =Interpreter Injection= ##Objective ##Platforms Affected ##Relevant COBIT Topics ##User Agent Injection ##HTTP Response Splitting ##SQL Injection ##ORM Injection ##LDAP Injection ##XML Injection ##Code Injection ##Further Reading ##SQL-injection ##Code Injection ##Command injection =Canoncalization, locale and Unicode= ##Objective ##Platforms Affected ##Relevant COBIT Topics ##Description ##Unicode ##http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc## ##Input Formats ##Locale assertion ##Double (or n-) encoding ## HTTP Request Smuggling ## Further Reading =Error Handling, Auditing and Logging= ##Objective ##Environments Affected ##Relevant COBIT Topics ##Description ##Best practices ##Error Handling ##Detailed error messages ##Logging ##Noise ##Cover Tracks ##False Alarms ##Destruction ##Audit Trails ##Further Reading ##Error Handling and Logging =File System= ##Objective ##Environments Affected ##Relevant COBIT Topics ##Description ##Best Practices ##Defacement ##Path traversal ##Insecure permissions ##Insecure Indexing ##Unmapped files ##Temporary files ##PHP ##Includes and Remote files ##File upload ##Old, unreferenced files ##Second Order Injection ##Further Reading ##File System =Distributed Computing= ##Objective ##Environments Affected ##Relevant COBIT Topics ##Best Practices ##Race conditions ##Distributed synchronization ##Further Reading =Buffer Overflows= ##Objective ##Platforms Affected ##Relevant COBIT Topics ##Description ##General Prevention Techniques ##Stack Overflow ##Heap Overflow ##Format String ##Unicode Overflow ##Integer Overflow ##Further reading =Administrative Interface= ##Objective ##Environments Affected ##Relevant COBIT Topics ##Best practices ##Administrators are not users ##Authentication for high value systems ##Further Reading =Cryptography= ##Objective ##Platforms Affected ##Relevant COBIT Topics ##Description ##Cryptographic Functions ##Cryptographic Algorithms ##Algorithm Selection ##Key Storage ##Insecure transmission of secrets ##Reversible Authentication Tokens ##Safe UUID generation ##Summary ##Further Reading ##Cryptography =Configuration= ##Objective ##Platforms Affected ##Relevant COBIT Topics ##Best Practices ##Default passwords ##Secure connection strings ##Secure network transmission ##Encrypted data ##PHP Configuration ##Global variables ##register_globals ##Database security ##Further Reading ##ColdFusion Components (CFCs) ##Configuration =Software Quality Assurance= ##Objective ##Platforms Affected ##Best practices ##Process ##Metrics ##Testing Activities =Deployment= ##Objective ##Platforms Affected ##Best Practices ##Release Management ##Secure delivery of code ##Code signing ##Permissions are set to least privilege ##Automated packaging ##Automated deployment ##Automated removal ##No backup or old files ##Unnecessary features are off by default ##Setup log files are clean ##No default accounts ##Easter eggs ##Malicious software ##Further Reading =Maintenance= ##Objective ##Platforms Affected ##Relevant COBIT Topics ##Best Practices ##Security Incident Response ##Fix Security Issues Correctly ##Update Notifications ##Regularly check permissions ##Further Reading ##Maintenance =GNU Free Documentation License= ##PREAMBLE ##APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS ##VERBATIM COPYING ##COPYING IN QUANTITY ##MODIFICATIONS ##COMBINING DOCUMENTS ##COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS ##AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS ##TRANSLATION ##TERMINATION ##FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE