Difference between revisions of "OWASP Internet of Things Project"

Latest revision as of 07:02, 1 November 2019

OWASP Internet of Things (IoT) Project

Oxford defines the Internet of Things as: “A proposed development of the Internet in which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data.”

The OWASP Internet of Things Project is designed to help manufacturers, developers, and consumers better understand the security issues associated with the Internet of Things, and to enable users in any context to make better security decisions when building, deploying, or assessing IoT technologies.

The project looks to define a structure for various IoT sub-projects separated into the following categories - Seek & Understand, Validate & Test, and Governance.

Updated!

The OWASP IoT Project for 2018 has been released!

Philosophy

The OWASP Internet of Things Project was started in 2014 as a way help Developers, Manufacturers, Enterprises, and Consumers to make better decisions regarding the creation and use of IoT systems.

This continues today with the 2018 release of the OWASP IoT Top 10, which represents the top ten things to avoid when building, deploying, or managing IoT systems. The primary theme for the 2018 OWASP Internet of Things Top 10 is simplicity. Rather than having separate lists for risks vs. threats vs. vulnerabilities—or for developers vs. enterprises vs. consumers—the project team elected to have a single, unified list that captures the top things to avoid when dealing with IoT Security.

The team recognized that there are now dozens of organizations releasing elaborate guidance on IoT Security—all of which are designed for slightly different audiences and industry verticals. We thought the most useful resource we could create is a single list that addresses the highest priority issues for manufacturers, enterprises, and consumers at the same time.

The result is the 2018 OWASP IoT Top 10.

Methodology

The project team is a collection of volunteer professionals from within the security industry, with experience spanning multiple areas of expertise, including: manufacturers, consulting, security testers, developers, and many more.

The project was conducted in the following phases:

Team Formation: finding people who would be willing to contribute to the 2018 update, both as SMEs and as project leaders to perform various tasks within the duration of the project.
Project Review: analysis of the 2014 project to determine what’s changed in the industry since that release, and how the list should be updated given those changes.
Data Collection: collection and review of multiple vulnerability sources (both public and private), with special emphasis on which issues caused the most actual impact and damage.
Sister Project Review: a review of dozens of other IoT Security projects to ensure that we’d not missed something major and that we were comfortable with both the content and prioritization of our release. Examples included: CSA IoT Controls Matrix, CTIA, Stanford’s Secure Internet of Things Project, NISTIR 8200, ENISA IoT Baseline Report, Code of Practice for Consumer IoT Security, and others.
Community Draft Feedback: release of the draft to the community for review, including multiple Twitter calls for comments, the use of a public feedback form, and a number of public talks where feedback was gathered. The feedback was then reviewed by the team along with initial Data Collection, as well as Sister Project Review, to create the list contents and prioritization.
Release: release of the project to the public in December 2018.

The Future of the OWASP IoT Top 10

The team has a number of activities planned to continue improving on the project going forward.

Some of the items being discussed include:

Continuing to improve the list on a two-year cadence, incorporating feedback from the community and from additional project contributors to ensure we are staying current with issues facing the industry.
Mapping the list items to other OWASP projects, such as the ASVS, and perhaps to other projects outside OWASP as well.
Expanding the project into other aspects of IoT—including embedded security, ICS/ SCADA,etc.
Adding use and abuse cases, with multiple examples, to solidify each concept discussed.
Considering the addition of reference architectures, so we can not only tell people what to avoid, but how to do what they need to do securely.

Participation in the OWASP IoT Project is open to the community. We take input from all participants — whether you’re a developer, a manufacturer, a penetration tester, or someone just trying to implement IoT securely. You can find the team meeting every other Friday in the the #iot-security room of the OWASP Slack Channel.

The OWASP IoT Security Team, 2018

Licensing

The OWASP Internet of Things Project is free to use. It is licensed under the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license], so you can copy, distribute and transmit the work, and you can adapt it, and use it commercially, but all provided that you attribute the work and if you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.

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What is the OWASP Internet of Things Project?

The OWASP Internet of Things Project provides information on:

IoT Attack Surface Areas
IoT Vulnerabilities
Firmware Analysis
ICS/SCADA Software Weaknesses
Community Information
IoT Testing Guides
IoT Security Guidance
Principles of IoT Security
IoT Framework Assessment
Developer, Consumer and Manufacturer Guidance
Design Principles
IoTGoat

Project Leaders

Daniel Miessler
Craig Smith
Vishruta Rudresh
Aaron Guzman

Contributors

Justin Klein Keane
Saša Zdjelar

IoT Top 2018 Contributors

Vijayamurugan Pushpanathan
Alexander Lafrenz
Masahiro Murashima
Charlie Worrell
José A. Rivas (jarv)
Pablo Endres
Ade Yoseman
Cédric Levy-Bencheotn
Jason Andress
Amélie Didion - Designer

Related Projects

Collaboration

The OWASP Slack Channel

Hint: If you're new to Slack, join OWASP's slack channel first, then join #iot-security within OWASP's channel.

Quick Download

OWASP IoT Top Ten 2018

IoT Attack Surface Mapping DEFCON 23

IoT Testing Guidance Handout

OWASP IoT Top Ten 2014 PDF

OWASP IoT Project Overview

News and Events

OWASP IoTGoat Project underway
New firmware security analysis tool, ByteSweep
IoT ASVS and Testing Guide set to kick off in 2019
Added a Slack channel
Added a sub-project; IoT Security Policy Project

Classifications

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ''The OWASP Internet of Things Project is designed to help manufacturers, developers, and consumers better understand the security issues associated with the Internet of Things, and to enable users in any context to make better security decisions when building, deploying, or assessing IoT technologies''.
-The project looks to define a structure for various IoT sub-projects such as Attack Surface Areas, Testing Guides and Top Vulnerabilities.
+The project looks to define a structure for various IoT sub-projects separated into the following categories - Seek & Understand, Validate & Test, and Governance.
 ==Updated!==
@@ Line 114: / Line 114: @@
 == Quick Download ==
 [https://www.owasp.org/images/1/1c/OWASP-IoT-Top-10-2018-final.pdf OWASP IoT Top Ten 2018]
-[https://www.owasp.org/images/7/7b/IoT_Preso_v1.pptx Quick discussion on IoT]
 [https://www.owasp.org/images/3/36/IoTTestingMethodology.pdf IoT Attack Surface Mapping DEFCON 23]
@@ Line 122: / Line 120: @@
 [https://www.owasp.org/images/7/71/Internet_of_Things_Top_Ten_2014-OWASP.pdf OWASP IoT Top Ten 2014 PDF]
-[https://www.owasp.org/images/8/8e/Infographic-v1.jpg OWASP IoT Top Ten 2014 Infographic]
-[https://www.owasp.org/images/0/01/Internet_of_Things_Top_Ten_2014-OWASP-ppt.pptx OWASP IoT Top Ten 2014 PPT]
-[https://www.owasp.org/images/5/51/RSAC2015-OWASP-IoT-Miessler.pdf OWASP IoT Top Ten-RSA 2015]
 [https://www.owasp.org/images/b/bd/OWASP-IoT.pptx OWASP IoT Project Overview]
@@ Line 133: / Line 125: @@
 == News and Events ==
 * OWASP [https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Project#tab=IoTGoat IoTGoat Project] underway
+* New firmware security analysis tool, ByteSweep
 * IoT ASVS and Testing Guide set to kick off in 2019
 * Added a [https://owasp-iot-security.slack.com/ Slack channel]
@@ Line 318: / Line 311: @@
 == Quick Download ==
 * https://gitlab.com/bytesweep/bytesweep/blob/master/INSTALL.md
+|}
+= Firmware Security Testing Methodology =
+[[File:OWASP_Project_Header.jpg|link=]]
+{| style="padding: 0;margin:0;margin-top:10px;text-align:left;" |-
+| style="border-right: 1px dotted gray;padding-right:25px;" valign="top" |
+== Firmware Security Testing Methodology ==
+The Firmware Security Testing Methodology (FSTM) is composed of nine stages tailored to enable security researchers, software developers, consultants, hobbyists, and Information Security professionals with conducting firmware security assessments.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|'''Stage'''
+|'''Description'''
+|-
+|1. Information gathering and reconnaissance
+|Acquire all relative technical and documentation details  pertaining to the target device’s firmware
+|-
+|2. Obtaining  firmware
+|Attain firmware using one or more of the proposed methods listed
+|-
+|3. Analyzing firmware
+|Examine the target firmware’s characteristics
+|-
+|4. Extracting  the filesystem
+|Carve filesystem contents from the target firmware
+|-
+|5. Analyzing filesystem contents
+|Statically analyze extracted filesystem configuration  files and binaries for vulnerabilities
+|-
+|6. Emulating  firmware
+|Emulate firmware files and components
+|-
+|7. Dynamic analysis
+|Perform dynamic security testing against firmware and  application interfaces
+|-
+|8. Runtime  analysis
+|Analyze compiled binaries during device runtime
+|-
+|9. Binary Exploitation
+|Exploit identified vulnerabilities discovered in previous  stages to attain root and/or code execution
+|}The full methodology release can be downloaded via the following https://github.com/scriptingxss/owasp-fstm/releases/download/v1.0/Firmware_Security_Testing_Methodology_Version1.pdf.
+{{Social Media Links}}
+| style="padding-left:25px;width:300px;border-right: 1px dotted gray;padding-right:25px;" valign="top" |
+== What is the Firmware Security Testing Methodology ==
+The Firmware Security Testing Methodology Project provides:
+*Attack walkthroughs
+*Tool usage examples
+*Screenshots
+*Companion virtual machine preloaded with tools (EmbedOS) - <nowiki>https://github.com/scriptingxss/EmbedOS</nowiki>
+== Project Leaders ==
+* Aaron Guzman
+== Quick Download ==
+* https://github.com/scriptingxss/owasp-fstm/releases
 |}
@@ Line 1,086: / Line 1,143: @@
 * [https://github.com/scriptingxss/IoTGoat OWASP IoTGoat]
 |-
-|}
+|
+|}{{Social Media Links}}
-=== Firmware Security Testing Methodology ===
-{{Social Media Links}}
 | style="padding-left:25px;width:300px;border-right: 1px dotted gray;padding-right:25px;" valign="top" |
@@ Line 1,237: / Line 1,292: @@
 |}
-=ICS/SCADA=
-<div style="width:100%;height:160px;border:0,margin:0;overflow: hidden;">[[File:OWASP_Project_Header.jpg|link=]]</div>
-{| style="padding: 0;margin:0;margin-top:10px;text-align:left;" |-
-| valign="top" style="border-right: 1px dotted gray;padding-right:25px;" |
-==ICS/SCADA Project==
-The OWASP ICS/SCADA Top 10 software weaknesses are as follows:
-{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align: left"
-!Rank and ID
-!Title
-|-
-|'''1 - CWE-119'''
-|
-*Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
-|-
-|'''2 - CWE-20'''
-|
-*Improper Input Validation
-|-
-|'''3 - CWE-22'''
-|
-*Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
-|-
-|'''4 - CWE-264'''
-|
-*Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls
-|-
-|'''5 - CWE-200'''
-|
-*Information Exposure
-|-
-|'''6 - CWE-255'''
-|
-*Credentials Management
-|-
-|'''7 - CWE-287'''
-|
-*Improper Authentication
-|-
-|'''8 - CWE-399'''
-|
-*Resource Management Errors
-|-
-|'''9 - CWE-79'''
-|
-*Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
-|-
-|'''10 - CWE-189'''
-|
-*Numeric Errors
-|-
-|}{{Social Media Links}}
-| valign="top" style="padding-left:25px;width:300px;border-right: 1px dotted gray;padding-right:25px;" |
-==What is the ICS/SCADA Project?==
-The ICS/SCADA Project provides:
-*A list of the Top 10 most dangerous software weaknesses
-==Project Leaders==
-*NJ Ouchn
-==Related Projects==
-*[[OWASP Mobile Security Project|OWASP Mobile Security]]
-*[[OWASP Top Ten Project|OWASP Web Top 10]]
-==Collaboration==
-[https://owasp-iot-security.slack.com/ The Slack Channel]
-==Quick Download==
-*Coming Soon
-==News and Events==
-*Coming Soon
-|}<div style="width:100%;height:160px;border:0,margin:0;overflow: hidden;"></div>
-= Community =
-[https://www.iamthecavalry.org/ I Am The Cavalry]
-A global grassroots organization that is focused on issues where computer security intersects public safety and human life.
-Their areas of focus include:
-* Medical devices
-* Automobiles
-* Home Electronics
-* Public Infrastructure
-[https://otalliance.org Online Trust Alliance]
-Formed as an informal industry working group in 2005, today OTA is an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) approved 501c3 charitable organization with the mission to enhance online trust and empower users, while promoting innovation and the vitality of the internet.  OTA is global organization supported by over 100 organizations headquartered in Bellevue, Washington with offices in Washington DC.
-Addressing the mounting concerns, in January 2015 the Online Trust Alliance, established the [https://otalliance.org/initiatives/internet-things IoT Trustworthy Working Group (ITWG)], a multi-stakeholder initiative.  The group recognizes “security and privacy by design” must be a priority from the onset of product development and be addressed holistically. The framework focuses on privacy, security sustainability. The sustainability pillar is critical as it looks at the life-cycle issues related to long- term supportability and transfers of ownership of devices and the data collected.
-[https://allseenalliance.org/framework AllSeen Alliance]
-The AllSeen Alliance is a Linux Foundation collaborative project.  They're a cross-industry consortium dedicated to enabling the interoperability of billions of devices, services and apps that comprise the Internet of Things.  The Alliance supports the AllJoyn Framework, an open source software framework that makes it easy for devices and apps to discover and communicate with each other. Developers can write applications for interoperability regardless of transport layer, manufacturer, and without the need for Internet access. The software has been and will continue to be openly available for developers to download, and runs on popular platforms such as Linux and Linux-based Android, iOS, and Windows, including many other lightweight real-time operating systems.
-[http://www.iiconsortium.org/ The Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC)]
-The Industrial Internet Consortium is the open membership, international not-for-profit consortium that is setting the architectural framework and direction for the Industrial Internet. Founded by AT&T, Cisco, GE, IBM and Intel in March 2014, the consortium’s mission is to coordinate vast ecosystem initiatives to connect and integrate objects with people, processes and data using common architectures, interoperability and open standards.
-[http://securingsmartcities.org/ Securing Smart Cities]
-Securing Smart Cities is a not-for-profit global initiative that aims to solve the existing and future cybersecurity problems of smart cities through collaboration between companies, governments, media outlets, other not-for-profit initiatives and individuals across the world.
-===Talks===
-RSA Conference San Francisco <br>
-[https://www.owasp.org/images/5/51/RSAC2015-OWASP-IoT-Miessler.pdf Securing the Internet of Things: Mapping IoT Attack Surface Areas with the OWASP IoT Top 10 Project] <br>
-Daniel Miessler, Practice Principal <br>
-April 21, 2015 <br>
---- <br>
-Defcon 23 <br>
-[https://www.owasp.org/images/3/36/IoTTestingMethodology.pdf IoT Attack Surface Mapping] <br>
-Daniel Miessler <br>
-August 6-9, 2015
-===Podcasts===
-* [http://iotpodcast.com/ The Internet of Things Podcast]
-* [http://www.iot-inc.com/ IoT Inc]
-* [https://craigsmith.net/iot-this-week/ IoT This Week]
-* [http://farstuff.com/ Farstuff: The Internet of Things Podcast]
-===IoT Conferences===
-* [http://www.iotevents.org Internet of Things Events]
-Conference Call for Papers
-* [http://www.wikicfp.com/cfp/servlet/tool.search?q=internet+of+things&year=t WikiCFP - Internet of Things]
-* [http://www.wikicfp.com/cfp/servlet/tool.search?q=iot&year=t WikiCFP - IoT]
 =Project About=