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Difference between revisions of "Top 10 2014-I8 Insufficient Security Configurability"

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<center>[https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Project#tab=Top_10_IoT_Vulnerabilities__282014_29 Back To The Internet of Things Top 10]</center>
  
 
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider anyone who has access to the web interface including external users, internal users, and administrators.
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider anyone who has access to the device.
  
 
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Attacker uses weak default credentials, captures plain-text credentials or enumerates accounts to access the web interface. Depending on setup, attack could come from external or internal users.
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Attacker uses the lack of granular permissions to access data or controls on the device. The attacker could also us the lack of encryption options and lack of password options to perform other attacks which lead to compromise of the device and/or data. Attack could potentially come from any user of the device whether intentional or accidental.
  
 
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     <td colspan=2  {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>An insecure web interface is present when easy to guess or well known default credentials are used. Insecure web interfaces are prevalent as manufacturers strive to make interfaces easier for users to use and assume these interfaces will not be exposed to external users. They are often found in devices which have features that can only be accessed via the web interface. Issues with the web interface are easy to discover when examining the interface manually and frequently easy to discover via automated testing.
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     <td colspan=2  {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Insufficient security configurability is present when users of the device have limited or no ability to alter its security controls. Insufficient security configurability is apparent when the web interface of the device has no options for creating granular user permissions or for example, forcing the use of strong passwords. Manual review of the web interface and its available options will reveal these deficiencies.  
  
 
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Insecure web interfaces can result in data loss or corruption, lack of accountability, or denial of access and can lead to complete device takeover.
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Insufficient security configurability could lead to compromise of the device whether intentional or accidental and/or data loss.
  
 
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider the business impact of compromised devices and in turn compromised customers. All data could be stolen, modified, or deleted. Could your users be harmed?
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider the business impact if data can be stolen or modified and control over the device assumed. Could your customers be harmed?
  
 
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The simplest way to find out if you have an insecure web interface is to review the initial setup process and determine if the username, password or both can be changed and if the password is required to be long and complex.
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Checking for Insufficient Security Configurability includes:
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* Reviewing the administrative interface of the device for options to strengthen security such as forcing the creation of strong passwords
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* Reviewing the administrative interface for the ability to separate admin users from normal users
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* Reviewing the administrative interface for encryption options
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* Reviewing the administrative interface for options to enable secure logging of various security events
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* Reviewing the administrative interface for options to enable alerts and notifications to the end user for security events
  
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Attempting to set usernames to simple passwords such as "1234" is a fast and easy way to determine the security of the web interface. Manual testing can help a security analyst find instances where weak passwords are allowed, default credentials are not required to be changed or account enumeration is possible. Penetration testers can validate these issues by running enumerating usernames and conducting brute-force attacks against those usernames.
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Sufficient security configurability requires:
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# Ensuring the ability to separate normal users from administrative users
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# Ensuring the ability to encrypt data at rest or in transit
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# Ensuring the ability to force strong password policies
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# Ensuring the ability to enable logging of security events
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# Ensuring the ability to notify end users of security events
  
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Automated dynamic scanning which exercises the application will provide insight into whether these issues exist as well.
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Please review the following tabs for more detail based on whether you are a [https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Top_Ten_Project#tab=Manufacturers Manufacturer], [https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Top_Ten_Project#tab=Developers Developer] or [https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Top_Ten_Project#tab=Consumers Consumer]
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Ensuring a secure web interface requires:
 
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# Default passwords and possibly usernames to be changed during initial setup.
 
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# Ensuring complex password construction.
 
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# Ensuring web interface is not susceptible to XSS, SQLi or CSRF.
 
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# Ensuring credentials are not exposed in internal or external network traffic.
 
 
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'''Scenario #1:''' The web interface uses easily guessable default usernames and passwords.
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'''Scenario #1:''' No ability to enforce strong password policies.
  
 
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Username = Admin; Password = password
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Admins and users are allowed to create passwords for their accounts.
  
 
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'''Scenario #2:''' Username and password in the clear over the network.
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'''Scenario #2:''' No ability to enable encryption of data at rest.
 
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POST /login.htm HTTP/1.1
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Password or other sensitive data stored on the device may not be encrypted.
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...
 
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userid=admin&pass=pass
 
  
 
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In the cases above, the attacker is able to either easily guess the username and password or is able to capture the username and password as it crosses the network.
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In the cases above, the attacker is able to use the lack of these controls to get access to user accounts with weak passwords or access data at rest which has protection.
  
  

Latest revision as of 23:02, 1 December 2015

Back To The Internet of Things Top 10
Threat Agents Attack Vectors Security Weakness Technical Impacts Business Impacts
Application Specific Exploitability
AVERAGE		 Prevalence
COMMON		 Detectability
EASY		 Impact
MODERATE		 Application / Business Specific
Consider anyone who has access to the device. Attacker uses the lack of granular permissions to access data or controls on the device. The attacker could also us the lack of encryption options and lack of password options to perform other attacks which lead to compromise of the device and/or data. Attack could potentially come from any user of the device whether intentional or accidental. Insufficient security configurability is present when users of the device have limited or no ability to alter its security controls. Insufficient security configurability is apparent when the web interface of the device has no options for creating granular user permissions or for example, forcing the use of strong passwords. Manual review of the web interface and its available options will reveal these deficiencies. Insufficient security configurability could lead to compromise of the device whether intentional or accidental and/or data loss. Consider the business impact if data can be stolen or modified and control over the device assumed. Could your customers be harmed?
Is My Security Configurability Sufficient?

Checking for Insufficient Security Configurability includes:

  • Reviewing the administrative interface of the device for options to strengthen security such as forcing the creation of strong passwords
  • Reviewing the administrative interface for the ability to separate admin users from normal users
  • Reviewing the administrative interface for encryption options
  • Reviewing the administrative interface for options to enable secure logging of various security events
  • Reviewing the administrative interface for options to enable alerts and notifications to the end user for security events
How Do I Improve My Security Configurability?

Sufficient security configurability requires:

  1. Ensuring the ability to separate normal users from administrative users
  2. Ensuring the ability to encrypt data at rest or in transit
  3. Ensuring the ability to force strong password policies
  4. Ensuring the ability to enable logging of security events
  5. Ensuring the ability to notify end users of security events

Please review the following tabs for more detail based on whether you are a Manufacturer, Developer or Consumer

Example Attack Scenarios

Scenario #1: No ability to enforce strong password policies.

Admins and users are allowed to create passwords for their accounts.

Scenario #2: No ability to enable encryption of data at rest.

Password or other sensitive data stored on the device may not be encrypted.

In the cases above, the attacker is able to use the lack of these controls to get access to user accounts with weak passwords or access data at rest which has protection.


References

OWASP

External
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