This site is the archived OWASP Foundation Wiki and is no longer accepting Account Requests.
To view the new OWASP Foundation website, please visit https://owasp.org

Difference between revisions of "Top 10 2014-I1 Insecure Web Interface"

From OWASP
Jump to: navigation, search
 
(29 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
<center>[https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Top_Ten_Project#tab=OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Top_10_for_2014 Back To The Internet of Things Top 10]</center>
+
<center>[https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Project#tab=Top_10_IoT_Vulnerabilities__282014_29 Back To The Internet of Things Top 10]</center>
  
 
{{Top_10_2010:SummaryTableHeaderBeginTemplate|year=2013|language=en}}
 
{{Top_10_2010:SummaryTableHeaderBeginTemplate|year=2013|language=en}}
−
{{Top_10:SummaryTableTemplate|exploitability=1|prevalence=2|detectability=2|impact=1|year=2013|language=en}}
+
{{Top_10:SummaryTableTemplate|exploitability=1|prevalence=2|detectability=1|impact=1|year=2013|language=en}}
 
{{Top_10_2010:SummaryTableHeaderEndTemplate|year=2013}}
 
{{Top_10_2010:SummaryTableHeaderEndTemplate|year=2013}}
−
     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider anyone who has access to the web interface including external users, internal users, and administrators.
+
     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider anyone who has access to the web interface including internal and external users.
  
 
</td>
 
</td>
−
     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Attacker uses weak default credentials, captures plain-text credentials or enumerates accounts to access the web interface. Depending on setup, attack could come from external or internal users.
+
     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Attacker uses weak credentials, captures plain-text credentials or enumerates accounts to access the web interface. Attack could come from external or internal users.
  
 
</td>
 
</td>
−
     <td colspan=2  {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>An Insecure Web Interface can occur when default or easy to guess credentials are used. An Insecure Web Interface is very prevalent, particularly in early devices. They are often found in devices which require some initial setup or have features that can only be accessed via the web interface. Issues with the web interface are easy to discover when examining the interface manually and frequently easy to discover via testing. Scanners can help find issues as well.
+
     <td colspan=2  {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>An insecure web interface can be present when issues such as account enumeration, lack of account lockout or weak credenitals are present. Insecure web interfaces are prevalent as the intent is to have these interfaces exposed only on internal networks, however threats from the internal users can be just as significant as threats from external users. Issues with the web interface are easy to discover when examining the interface manually along with automated testing tools to identify other issues such as cross-site scripting.
  
 
</td>
 
</td>
−
     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Insecure Web Interfaces can result in data loss or corruption, lack of accountability, or denial of access and can lead to complete device takeover.
+
     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Insecure web interfaces can result in data loss or corruption, lack of accountability, or denial of access and can lead to complete device takeover.
  
 
</td>
 
</td>
−
     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider the business value of the affected data and the platform itself. All data could be stolen, modified, or deleted.  Could your users be harmed?
+
     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider the business impact of poorly secured web interfaces that could lead to compromised devices along with compromised customers. Could your customers be harmed? Could your brand be harmed?
  
 
</td>
 
</td>
 
{{Top_10_2010:SummaryTableEndTemplate|year=2013}}
 
{{Top_10_2010:SummaryTableEndTemplate|year=2013}}
  
−
{{Top_10:SubsectionTableBeginTemplate|type=main}} {{Top_10_2010:SubsectionAdvancedTemplate|type={{Top_10_2010:StyleTemplate}}|subsection=vulnerableTo|position=firstLeft|risk=1|year=2013|language=en}}
+
{{Top_10:SubsectionTableBeginTemplate|type=main}} {{Top_10_2010:SubsectionAdvancedTemplate|type={{Top_10_2010:StyleTemplate}}|subsection=freetext|title=Is My Web Interface Secure?|position=firstLeft|year=2013|language=en}}
−
The best way to find out if you have an Insecure Web Interface is to verify that default credentials must be changed,etc. For administrative credentials, this means forcing a password change on initial use, etc.
+
Checking for an Insecure Web Interface includes:
 +
* Determining if the default username and password can be changed during initial product setup
 +
* Determining if a specific user account is locked out after 3 - 5 failed login attempts
 +
* Determining if valid accounts can be identified using password recovery mechanisms or new user pages
 +
* Reviewing the interface for issues such as cross-site scripting, cross-site request forgery and sql injection.
  
−
Simply trying simple passwords is a fast and accurate way to see if the web interface is secure. Manual testing can help a security analyst find instances where weak passwords are used, etc. Penetration testers can validate these issues by running brute-force attacks against no administrative user accounts,etc.
+
{{Top_10_2010:SubsectionAdvancedTemplate|type={{Top_10_2010:StyleTemplate}}|subsection=freetext|title=How Do I Make My Web Interface Secure?|position=right|year=2013|language=en}}
 +
A secure web interface requires:
 +
# Default passwords and ideally default usernames to be changed during initial setup
 +
# Ensuring password recovery mechanisms are robust and do not supply an attacker with information indicating a valid account
 +
# Ensuring web interface is not susceptible to XSS, SQLi or CSRF
 +
# Ensuring credentials are not exposed in internal or external network traffic
 +
# Ensuring weak passwords are not allowed
 +
# Ensuring account lockout after 3 -5 failed login attempts
  
−
Automated dynamic scanning which exercises the application may provide insight into whether some exploitable injection flaws exist. Scanners cannot always reach interpreters and have difficulty detecting whether an attack was successful. Poor error handling makes injection flaws easier to discover
+
Please review the following tabs for more detail based on whether you are a [https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Top_Ten_Project#tab=Manufacturers Manufacturer], [https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Top_Ten_Project#tab=Developers Developer] or [https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Top_Ten_Project#tab=Consumers Consumer]
−
{{Top_10_2010:SubsectionAdvancedTemplate|type={{Top_10_2010:StyleTemplate}}|subsection=howPrevent|position=right|risk=1|year=2013|language=en}}
 
−
Ensuring a secure web interface requires:
 
−
# Default passwords and possibly usernames to be changed during initial setup.
 
−
# Ensuring complex password construction.
 
−
# Ensuring web interface is not susceptible to XSS, SQLi or CSRF.
 
−
# Ensuring credentials are not exposed in internal or external network traffic.
 
 
{{Top_10_2010:SubsectionAdvancedTemplate|type={{Top_10_2010:StyleTemplate}}|subsection=example|position=left|risk=1|year=2013|language=en}}
 
{{Top_10_2010:SubsectionAdvancedTemplate|type={{Top_10_2010:StyleTemplate}}|subsection=example|position=left|risk=1|year=2013|language=en}}
−
'''Scenario #1:''' The web interface uses easily guessable default usernames and passwords.
+
'''Scenario #1:''' The web interface presents "Forgot Password" functionality which upon entering an invalid account informs the attacker that the account does not exist. Once valid accounts are identified, password guessing can begin for an indefinite amount of time if no account lockout controls exist.
  
 
{{Top_10_2010:ExampleBeginTemplate|year=2013}}<span style="color:red;">
 
{{Top_10_2010:ExampleBeginTemplate|year=2013}}<span style="color:red;">
−
Username = Admin; Password = password
+
Account [email protected] does not exist.
  
 
</span>{{Top_10_2010:ExampleEndTemplate}}
 
</span>{{Top_10_2010:ExampleEndTemplate}}
−
'''Scenario #2:''' Username and password in the clear over the network.
+
'''Scenario #2:''' Web interface is susceptible to cross-site scripting.
 
{{Top_10_2010:ExampleBeginTemplate|year=2013}}<span style="color:red;">
 
{{Top_10_2010:ExampleBeginTemplate|year=2013}}<span style="color:red;">
−
POST /login.htm HTTP/1.1
+
<nowiki>http://xyz.com/index.php?user=<script>alert(123)</script>
−
...
+
</nowiki>... Response from browser is an alert popup.
−
userid=admin&pass=pass
 
−
 
 
 
</span>{{Top_10_2010:ExampleEndTemplate}}
 
</span>{{Top_10_2010:ExampleEndTemplate}}
−
In the cases above, the attacker is able to either easily guess the username and password or is able to capture the username and password as it crosses the network.
+
In the cases above, the attacker is able to easily determine if an account is valid or not and is also able to determine that the site is susceptible to cross-site scripting (XSS).
  
  
 
{{Top_10_2010:SubsectionAdvancedTemplate|type={{Top_10_2010:StyleTemplate}}|subsection=references|position=right|risk=1|year=2013|language=en}}
 
{{Top_10_2010:SubsectionAdvancedTemplate|type={{Top_10_2010:StyleTemplate}}|subsection=references|position=right|risk=1|year=2013|language=en}}
 
{{Top_10_2010:SubSubsectionOWASPReferencesTemplate}}
 
{{Top_10_2010:SubSubsectionOWASPReferencesTemplate}}
−
 
+
* [https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2013-A1-Injection Top 10 2013-A1-Injection]
 +
* [https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2013-A3-Cross-Site_Scripting_(XSS) Top 10 2013-A3-Cross-Site Scripting]
 +
* [https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2013-A8-Cross-Site_Request_Forgery_(CSRF) Top 10 2013-A8-Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)]
 
{{Top_10_2010:SubSubsectionExternalReferencesTemplate}}
 
{{Top_10_2010:SubSubsectionExternalReferencesTemplate}}

Latest revision as of 23:00, 1 December 2015

Back To The Internet of Things Top 10
Threat Agents Attack Vectors Security Weakness Technical Impacts Business Impacts
Application Specific Exploitability
EASY		 Prevalence
COMMON		 Detectability
EASY		 Impact
SEVERE		 Application / Business Specific
Consider anyone who has access to the web interface including internal and external users. Attacker uses weak credentials, captures plain-text credentials or enumerates accounts to access the web interface. Attack could come from external or internal users. An insecure web interface can be present when issues such as account enumeration, lack of account lockout or weak credenitals are present. Insecure web interfaces are prevalent as the intent is to have these interfaces exposed only on internal networks, however threats from the internal users can be just as significant as threats from external users. Issues with the web interface are easy to discover when examining the interface manually along with automated testing tools to identify other issues such as cross-site scripting. Insecure web interfaces can result in data loss or corruption, lack of accountability, or denial of access and can lead to complete device takeover. Consider the business impact of poorly secured web interfaces that could lead to compromised devices along with compromised customers. Could your customers be harmed? Could your brand be harmed?
Is My Web Interface Secure?

Checking for an Insecure Web Interface includes:

  • Determining if the default username and password can be changed during initial product setup
  • Determining if a specific user account is locked out after 3 - 5 failed login attempts
  • Determining if valid accounts can be identified using password recovery mechanisms or new user pages
  • Reviewing the interface for issues such as cross-site scripting, cross-site request forgery and sql injection.
How Do I Make My Web Interface Secure?

A secure web interface requires:

  1. Default passwords and ideally default usernames to be changed during initial setup
  2. Ensuring password recovery mechanisms are robust and do not supply an attacker with information indicating a valid account
  3. Ensuring web interface is not susceptible to XSS, SQLi or CSRF
  4. Ensuring credentials are not exposed in internal or external network traffic
  5. Ensuring weak passwords are not allowed
  6. Ensuring account lockout after 3 -5 failed login attempts

Please review the following tabs for more detail based on whether you are a Manufacturer, Developer or Consumer

Example Attack Scenarios

Scenario #1: The web interface presents "Forgot Password" functionality which upon entering an invalid account informs the attacker that the account does not exist. Once valid accounts are identified, password guessing can begin for an indefinite amount of time if no account lockout controls exist.

Account [email protected] does not exist.

Scenario #2: Web interface is susceptible to cross-site scripting.

http://xyz.com/index.php?user=<script>alert(123)</script> ... Response from browser is an alert popup.

In the cases above, the attacker is able to easily determine if an account is valid or not and is also able to determine that the site is susceptible to cross-site scripting (XSS).


References

OWASP

External
Retrieved from "https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php?title=Top_10_2014-I1_Insecure_Web_Interface&oldid=204214"