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Difference between revisions of "Top 10 2014-I5 Privacy Concerns"

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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider anyone who has access to the web interface including external users, internal users, and administrators.
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider anyone who has access to the network the device is connected to, including external and internal users.
  
 
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Attacker uses weak default credentials, captures plain-text credentials or enumerates accounts to access the web interface. Depending on setup, attack could come from external or internal users.
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Attacker uses the lack of transport encryption to view data being passed over the network. Depending on setup, attack could come from external or internal users.
  
 
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     <td colspan=2  {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>An insecure web interface is present when easy to guess or well known default credentials are used. Insecure web interfaces are prevalent as manufacturers strive to make interfaces easier for users to use and assume these interfaces will not be exposed to external users. They are often found in devices which have features that can only be accessed via the web interface. Issues with the web interface are easy to discover when examining the interface manually and frequently easy to discover via automated testing.
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     <td colspan=2  {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Lack of transport encryption allows data to be viewed as it travels over local networks or the internet. Lack of transport encryption is prevalent on local networks as it is easy to assume that local network traffic will not make its way out to the internet, however in the case of a local wireless network, misconfiguration of that wireless network can make traffic visible to anyone within range of that wireless network. Many Issues with transport encryption are easy to discover simply by viewing network traffic and searching for readable data. Automated tools can also look for implementation of common transport encryption such as SSL and TLS.
  
 
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Insecure web interfaces can result in data loss or corruption, lack of accountability, or denial of access and can lead to complete device takeover.
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Lack of transport encryption can result in data loss or corruption and and can lead to complete compromise of the device or user accounts.
  
 
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider the business impact of compromised devices and in turn compromised customers. All data could be stolen, modified, or deleted.  Could your users be harmed?
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider the business impact of exposed data as it travels across various networks. Data could be stolen or modified.  Could your users be harmed by having their data exposed?
  
 
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{{Top_10:SubsectionTableBeginTemplate|type=main}} {{Top_10_2010:SubsectionAdvancedTemplate|type={{Top_10_2010:StyleTemplate}}|subsection=freetext|title=Does My Device Present Privacy Concerns?|position=firstLeft|year=2013|language=en}}
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The simplest way to find out if you have an insecure web interface is to review the initial setup process and determine if the username, password or both can be changed and if the password is required to be long and complex.
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The simplest way to find out if you have insufficient authorization/authentication is to review the password policy for the various interfaces and to review whether the interfaces allow for separation of roles. For example, all features will be accessible to administrators, but users will have a more limited set of features available.
  
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Attempting to set usernames to simple passwords such as "1234" is a fast and easy way to determine the security of the web interface. Manual testing can help a security analyst find instances where weak passwords are allowed, default credentials are not required to be changed or account enumeration is possible. Penetration testers can validate these issues by running enumerating usernames and conducting brute-force attacks against those usernames.
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Attempting to set usernames to simple passwords such as "1234" is a fast and easy way to determine if authentication/authorization is sufficient. Manual testing can help a security analyst find instances where weak passwords are allowed, access control is not limited by roles or credentials are poorly protected. Penetration testers can validate these issues by conducting brute-force attacks against usernames, reviewing access controls and testing for privilege escalation.
  
 
Automated dynamic scanning which exercises the application will provide insight into whether these issues exist as well.
 
Automated dynamic scanning which exercises the application will provide insight into whether these issues exist as well.
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Ensuring a secure web interface requires:
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Ensuring sufficient authentication/authorization requires:
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# Default passwords and possibly usernames to be changed during initial setup.
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# Ensuring password recovery mechanisms are robust.
 
# Ensuring complex password construction.
 
# Ensuring complex password construction.
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# Ensuring web interface is not susceptible to XSS, SQLi or CSRF.
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# Ensuring role/discretionary based access control is in place where necessary.
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# Ensuring credentials are not exposed in internal or external network traffic.
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# Ensuring credentials are properly protected.
 
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'''Scenario #1:''' The web interface uses easily guessable default usernames and passwords.
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'''Scenario #1:''' The interface only requires simple passwords.
  
 
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Username = Admin; Password = password
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Username = Bob; Password = 1234
  
 
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'''Scenario #2:''' Username and password in the clear over the network.
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'''Scenario #2:''' Username and password are poorly protected when transmitted over the network.
 
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POST /login.htm HTTP/1.1
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Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46MTIzNA==
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...
 
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userid=admin&pass=pass
 
  
 
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In the cases above, the attacker is able to either easily guess the username and password or is able to capture the username and password as it crosses the network.
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In the cases above, the attacker is able to either easily guess the password or is able to capture the credentials as they cross the network and decode it since the credentials are only protected using Base64 Encoding.
  
  

Revision as of 23:28, 18 June 2014

Back To The Internet of Things Top 10
Threat Agents Attack Vectors Security Weakness Technical Impacts Business Impacts
Application Specific Exploitability
EASY		 Prevalence
COMMON		 Detectability
AVERAGE		 Impact
SEVERE		 Application / Business Specific
Consider anyone who has access to the network the device is connected to, including external and internal users. Attacker uses the lack of transport encryption to view data being passed over the network. Depending on setup, attack could come from external or internal users. Lack of transport encryption allows data to be viewed as it travels over local networks or the internet. Lack of transport encryption is prevalent on local networks as it is easy to assume that local network traffic will not make its way out to the internet, however in the case of a local wireless network, misconfiguration of that wireless network can make traffic visible to anyone within range of that wireless network. Many Issues with transport encryption are easy to discover simply by viewing network traffic and searching for readable data. Automated tools can also look for implementation of common transport encryption such as SSL and TLS. Lack of transport encryption can result in data loss or corruption and and can lead to complete compromise of the device or user accounts. Consider the business impact of exposed data as it travels across various networks. Data could be stolen or modified. Could your users be harmed by having their data exposed?
Does My Device Present Privacy Concerns?

The simplest way to find out if you have insufficient authorization/authentication is to review the password policy for the various interfaces and to review whether the interfaces allow for separation of roles. For example, all features will be accessible to administrators, but users will have a more limited set of features available.

Attempting to set usernames to simple passwords such as "1234" is a fast and easy way to determine if authentication/authorization is sufficient. Manual testing can help a security analyst find instances where weak passwords are allowed, access control is not limited by roles or credentials are poorly protected. Penetration testers can validate these issues by conducting brute-force attacks against usernames, reviewing access controls and testing for privilege escalation.

Automated dynamic scanning which exercises the application will provide insight into whether these issues exist as well.

How Do I Use Prevent Privacy Concerns?

Ensuring sufficient authentication/authorization requires:

  1. Ensuring password recovery mechanisms are robust.
  2. Ensuring complex password construction.
  3. Ensuring role/discretionary based access control is in place where necessary.
  4. Ensuring credentials are properly protected.
Example Attack Scenarios

Scenario #1: The interface only requires simple passwords.

Username = Bob; Password = 1234

Scenario #2: Username and password are poorly protected when transmitted over the network.

Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46MTIzNA==

In the cases above, the attacker is able to either easily guess the password or is able to capture the credentials as they cross the network and decode it since the credentials are only protected using Base64 Encoding.


References

OWASP

External
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