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Difference between revisions of "Top 10 2014-I4 Lack of Transport Encryption"

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<center>[https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Project#tab=Top_10_IoT_Vulnerabilities__282014_29 Back To The Internet of Things Top 10]</center>
  
 
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider anyone who has access to the web interface including external users, internal users, and administrators.
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider anyone who has access to the network the device is connected to, including external and internal users.
  
 
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Attacker uses weak default credentials, captures plain-text credentials or enumerates accounts to access the web interface. Depending on setup, attack could come from external or internal users.
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Attacker uses the lack of transport encryption to view data being passed over the network. Attack could come from external or internal users.
  
 
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     <td colspan=2  {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>An insecure web interface is present when easy to guess or well known default credentials are used. Insecure web interfaces are prevalent as manufacturers strive to make interfaces easier for users to use and assume these interfaces will not be exposed to external users. They are often found in devices which have features that can only be accessed via the web interface. Issues with the web interface are easy to discover when examining the interface manually and frequently easy to discover via automated testing.
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     <td colspan=2  {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Lack of transport encryption allows data to be viewed as it travels over local networks or the internet. Lack of transport encryption is prevalent on local networks as it is easy to assume that local network traffic will not be widely visible, however in the case of a local wireless network, misconfiguration of that wireless network can make traffic visible to anyone within range of that wireless network. Many Issues with transport encryption are easy to discover simply by viewing network traffic and searching for readable data. Automated tools can also look for proper implementation of common transport encryption such as SSL and TLS.
  
 
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Insecure web interfaces can result in data loss or corruption, lack of accountability, or denial of access and can lead to complete device takeover.
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Lack of transport encryption can result in data loss and depending on the data exposed, could lead to complete compromise of the device or user accounts.
  
 
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider the business impact of compromised devices and in turn compromised customers. All data could be stolen, modified, or deleted.  Could your users be harmed?
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     <td {{Template:Top 10 2010:SummaryTableRowStyleTemplate|year=2013}}>Consider the business impact of exposed data as it travels across various networks. Data could be stolen or modified.  Could your users be harmed by having their data exposed?
  
 
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The simplest way to find out if you have an insecure web interface is to review the initial setup process and determine if the username, password or both can be changed and if the password is required to be long and complex.
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Checking for Lack of Transport Encryption includes:
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* Reviewing network traffic of the device, its mobile application and any cloud connections to determine if any information is passed in clear text
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* Reviewing the use of SSL or TLS to ensure it is up to date and properly implemented
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* Reviewing the use of any encryption protocols to ensure they are recommended and accepted
  
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Attempting to set usernames to simple passwords such as "1234" is a fast and easy way to determine the security of the web interface. Manual testing can help a security analyst find instances where weak passwords are allowed, default credentials are not required to be changed or account enumeration is possible. Penetration testers can validate these issues by running enumerating usernames and conducting brute-force attacks against those usernames.
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Sufficient transport encryption requires:
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# Ensuring data is encrypted using protocols such as SSL and TLS while transiting networks.
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# Ensuring other industry standard encryption techniques are utilized to protect data during transport if SSL or TLS are not available.
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# Ensuring only accepted encryption standards are used and avoid using proprietary encryption protocols
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# Ensuring the message payload encryption
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# Ensuring the secure encryption key handshaking
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# Ensuring received data integrity verification
  
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Automated dynamic scanning which exercises the application will provide insight into whether these issues exist as well.
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Please review the following tabs for more detail based on whether you are a [https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Top_Ten_Project#tab=Manufacturers Manufacturer], [https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Top_Ten_Project#tab=Developers Developer] or [https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Internet_of_Things_Top_Ten_Project#tab=Consumers Consumer]
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Ensuring a secure web interface requires:
 
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# Default passwords and possibly usernames to be changed during initial setup.
 
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# Ensuring complex password construction.
 
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# Ensuring web interface is not susceptible to XSS, SQLi or CSRF.
 
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# Ensuring credentials are not exposed in internal or external network traffic.
 
 
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'''Scenario #1:''' The web interface uses easily guessable default usernames and passwords.
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'''Scenario #1:''' The cloud interface uses only HTTP.
  
 
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Username = Admin; Password = password
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<nowiki>http://www.xyzcloudsite.com</nowiki>
  
 
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'''Scenario #2:''' Username and password in the clear over the network.
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'''Scenario #2:''' Username and password are transmitted in the clear over the network.
 
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POST /login.htm HTTP/1.1
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<nowiki>http://www.xyzcloud.com/login.php?userid=3&password=1234</nowiki>
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userid=admin&pass=pass
 
  
 
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In the cases above, the attacker is able to either easily guess the username and password or is able to capture the username and password as it crosses the network.
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In the cases above, the attacker has the ability to view sensitive data in the clear due to lack of transport encryption.
  
  
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[https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2013-A6-Sensitive_Data_Exposure Top 10 2013-A6-Sensitive Data Exposure]
 
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Latest revision as of 06:08, 5 February 2016

Back To The Internet of Things Top 10
Threat Agents Attack Vectors Security Weakness Technical Impacts Business Impacts
Application Specific Exploitability
AVERAGE		 Prevalence
COMMON		 Detectability
EASY		 Impact
SEVERE		 Application / Business Specific
Consider anyone who has access to the network the device is connected to, including external and internal users. Attacker uses the lack of transport encryption to view data being passed over the network. Attack could come from external or internal users. Lack of transport encryption allows data to be viewed as it travels over local networks or the internet. Lack of transport encryption is prevalent on local networks as it is easy to assume that local network traffic will not be widely visible, however in the case of a local wireless network, misconfiguration of that wireless network can make traffic visible to anyone within range of that wireless network. Many Issues with transport encryption are easy to discover simply by viewing network traffic and searching for readable data. Automated tools can also look for proper implementation of common transport encryption such as SSL and TLS. Lack of transport encryption can result in data loss and depending on the data exposed, could lead to complete compromise of the device or user accounts. Consider the business impact of exposed data as it travels across various networks. Data could be stolen or modified. Could your users be harmed by having their data exposed?
Do I Use Transport Encryption?

Checking for Lack of Transport Encryption includes:

  • Reviewing network traffic of the device, its mobile application and any cloud connections to determine if any information is passed in clear text
  • Reviewing the use of SSL or TLS to ensure it is up to date and properly implemented
  • Reviewing the use of any encryption protocols to ensure they are recommended and accepted
How Do I Use Transport Encryption?

Sufficient transport encryption requires:

  1. Ensuring data is encrypted using protocols such as SSL and TLS while transiting networks.
  2. Ensuring other industry standard encryption techniques are utilized to protect data during transport if SSL or TLS are not available.
  3. Ensuring only accepted encryption standards are used and avoid using proprietary encryption protocols
  4. Ensuring the message payload encryption
  5. Ensuring the secure encryption key handshaking
  6. Ensuring received data integrity verification

Please review the following tabs for more detail based on whether you are a Manufacturer, Developer or Consumer

Example Attack Scenarios

Scenario #1: The cloud interface uses only HTTP.

http://www.xyzcloudsite.com

Scenario #2: Username and password are transmitted in the clear over the network.

http://www.xyzcloud.com/login.php?userid=3&password=1234

In the cases above, the attacker has the ability to view sensitive data in the clear due to lack of transport encryption.


References

OWASP

Top 10 2013-A6-Sensitive Data Exposure

External
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