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Difference between revisions of "Testing for DB Listener (OWASP-CM-002)"

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'''Result Expected:'''<br>
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'''Listener password''':<br>
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...<br><br>
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Many common exploits are performed due to the listener password not being set.
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By checking the Listener.ora file one can determine if the password is set:
 +
 
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The password can be set manually by editing the Listener.ora file. This if performed by editing the following: PASSWORDS_<listener name>. This issue with this manula method is the password is stored in cleartext and can be read by anyone with acess to the Listener.ora file.<br>
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A more secure way is to use the LSNRCTRL tool and invole the ''change_password'' command.
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<br>
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LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 24-FEB-2004 11:27:55
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Copyright (c) 1991, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
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Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.
 +
LSNRCTL> set current_listener listener
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Current Listener is listener
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LSNRCTL> change_password
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Old password:
 +
New password:
 +
Reenter new password:
 +
Connecting to <ADDRESS>
 +
Password changed for listener
 +
The command completed successfully
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LSNRCTL> set password
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Password:
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The command completed successfully
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LSNRCTL> save_config
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Connecting to <ADDRESS>
 +
Saved LISTENER configuration parameters.
 +
Listener Parameter File  D:\oracle\ora90\network\admin\listener.ora
 +
Old Parameter File  D:\oracle\ora90\network\admin\listener.bak
 +
The command completed successfully
 +
LSNRCTL>
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<br>
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==

Revision as of 09:47, 4 December 2006

[Up]
OWASP Testing Guide v2 Table of Contents

Brief Summary

The Data base listener is a network daemon unique to Oracle databases. It waits for connection requests from remote clients. This daemon can be compromised and hence affect the availability of the database.

Description of the Issue

The DB listener is the entry point for remote connections to an Oracle database. It listens for connection requests and handles them accordingly. This test is possible, if the tester can access to this service: that means the test should be done from the Intranet (major Oracle installation don't expose this service to the external network). The listener by default listens on port 1521(port 2483 is the new officially registered port for the TNS Listener and 2484 for the TNS Listener using SSL), it is good practice to change the listener from this port to another arbitrary port number.
If this listener is "turned off" remote access to the database is not possible. If this is the case ones application would fail also creating a denial of service attack.
Potential areas of attack:

  • Stop the Listener - Hence creating a DoS attack.
  • Set a password and prevent others from controlling the Listener - Hijack the DB.
  • Write trace and log files to any file accessible to the process owner of tnslnsr (usually Oracle) - Possible information leakage.
  • Obtain detailed information on the Listener, database, and application configuration.

Black Box testing and example

Upon discovering the port on which the listener resides one can assess the listener by running a tool developed by Integrigy:

Listener Test.JPG


The tool above checks the following:
Listener Password On many Oracle systems the listener password may not be set. The tool above verifies this. If the password is not set an attacker could set the password and hijack the listener, albeit the password can be removed by locally editing the Listener.ora file.


Enable Logging The tool above also tests to see if logging has been enabled. If it has not one would not detect any change to the listener/or have a record of it and also detection of brute force attacks on the listener would not be audited.

Admin Restrictions If Admin restrictions are not enabled it is possible to use the "SET" commands remotely.

Example
If you find a TCP/1521 open port on a server, maybe you have an Oracle Listener that accepts connections from the outside. If the listener is not protected by an authentication mechanism, or you can find easily a credential (as said above), it is possible to exploit this vulnerability to enumerate the Oracle services. For example, using LSNRCTL(.exe) (contained in every Client Oracle installation), you can obtain the following output: 

TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
Oracle Bequeath NT Protocol Adapter for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
Windows NT Named Pipes NT Protocol Adapter for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
Windows NT TCP/IP NT Protocol Adapter for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production,,
SID(s): SERVICE_NAME = CONFDATA
SID(s): INSTANCE_NAME = CONFDATA
SID(s): SERVICE_NAME = CONFDATAPDB
SID(s): INSTANCE_NAME = CONFDATA
SID(s): SERVICE_NAME = CONFORGANIZ
SID(s): INSTANCE_NAME = CONFORGANIZ

The Oracle Listener permits to enumerate default users on Oracle Server: 

User name	Password
OUTLN	        OUTLN
DBSNMP	        DBSNMP
BACKUP	        BACKUP
MONITOR	        MONITOR
PDB	        CHANGE_ON_INSTALL

In this case, we have not founded privileged DBA accounts, but OUTLN and BACKUP accounts hold a fundamental privilege: EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE. That means that it is possible to execute all procedures, for example the following: 

exec dbms_repcat_admin.grant_admin_any_schema('BACKUP');

The execution of this command permit to obtain DBA privileges. Now the user can interact directly with the DB and execute for example: 

select * from session_privs ;

The output is the following screenshot:

ToadListener2.PNG

So the user can now execute a lot of operations, in particular: DELETE ANY TABLE DROP ANY TABLE.

Gray Box testing and example

Testing for restriction of the privileges of the listener,
It is important to gibe the listener least privilege so it can not read or write files in the database or in the server memory address space.

The file Listener.ora is used to define the database listener properties.
One should check that the folloing line is present in the Listener.ora file:
ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS_LISTENER=ON



Listener password:
Many common exploits are performed due to the listener password not being set. By checking the Listener.ora file one can determine if the password is set:

The password can be set manually by editing the Listener.ora file. This if performed by editing the following: PASSWORDS_<listener name>. This issue with this manula method is the password is stored in cleartext and can be read by anyone with acess to the Listener.ora file.
A more secure way is to use the LSNRCTRL tool and invole the change_password command. 

LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 24-FEB-2004 11:27:55
Copyright (c) 1991, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.
LSNRCTL> set current_listener listener
Current Listener is listener
LSNRCTL> change_password
Old password:
New password:
Reenter new password:
Connecting to <ADDRESS>
Password changed for listener
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> set password
Password:
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> save_config
Connecting to <ADDRESS>
Saved LISTENER configuration parameters.
Listener Parameter File   D:\oracle\ora90\network\admin\listener.ora
Old Parameter File   D:\oracle\ora90\network\admin\listener.bak
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL>


References

Whitepapers

Tools


OWASP Testing Guide v2

Here is the OWASP Testing Guide v2 Table of Contents

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