This site is the archived OWASP Foundation Wiki and is no longer accepting Account Requests.
To view the new OWASP Foundation website, please visit https://owasp.org

Difference between revisions of "Conduct search engine discovery/reconnaissance for information leakage (OTG-INFO-001)"

From OWASP
Jump to: navigation, search
m (Stach & Liu rebranded as "Bishop Fox". Updated links accordingly.)
 
(15 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
{{Template:OWASP Testing Guide v4}}
 
{{Template:OWASP Testing Guide v4}}
  
== Brief Summary ==
+
== Summary ==
There are direct and indirect elements to Search engine discovery and reconnaissance. Direct methods relate to searching the Google Index and remove the associated web content from the Google Cache. Indirect methods relate to gleaning sensitive design and configuration information by searching forums, newsgroups and tendering websites.
+
There are direct and indirect elements to search engine discovery and reconnaissance. Direct methods relate to searching the indexes and the associated content from caches. Indirect methods relate to gleaning sensitive design and configuration information by searching forums, newsgroups, and tendering websites.
  
== Description of the Issue ==
 
Once the GoogleBot has completed crawling, it commences indexing the web page based on tags and associated attributes, such as <TITLE>, in order to return the relevant search results. [1]
 
  
If the robots.txt file is not updated during the lifetime of the web site, then it is possible for web content not intended to be included in Google's Search Results to be returned.
+
Once a search engine robot has completed crawling, it commences indexing the web page based on tags and associated attributes, such as <TITLE>, in order to return the relevant search results [1]. If the robots.txt file is not updated during the lifetime of the web site, and inline HTML meta tags that instruct robots not to index content have not been used, then it is possible for indexes to contain web content not intended to be included in by the owners. Website owners may use the previously mentioned robots.txt, HTML meta tags, authentication, and tools provided by search engines to remove such content.
  
Therefore, it must be removed from the Google Cache.
 
  
== Black Box Testing==
+
== Test Objectives ==
Using the advanced "site:" search operator, it is possible to restrict Search Results to a specific domain [2].
 
  
Google provides the Advanced "cache:" search operator [2], but this is the equivalent to clicking the "Cached" next to each Google Search Result.  Hence, the use of the Advanced "site:" Search Operator and then clicking "Cached" is preferred.
+
To understand what sensitive design and configuration information of the application/system/organization is exposed both directly (on the organization's website) or indirectly (on a third party website).
 +
 
 +
 
 +
== How to Test ==
 +
 
 +
Use a search engine to search for:
 +
* Network diagrams and configurations
 +
* Archived posts and emails by administrators and other key staff
 +
* Log on procedures and username formats
 +
* Usernames and passwords
 +
* Error message content
 +
* Development, test, UAT and staging versions of the website
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=== Search operators ===
 +
Using the advanced "site:" search operator, it is possible to restrict search results to a specific domain [2]. Do not limit testing to just one search engine provider as they may generate different results depending on when they crawled content and their own algorithms. Consider using the following search engines:
 +
 
 +
* Baidu
 +
* binsearch.info
 +
* Bing
 +
* Duck Duck Go
 +
* ixquick/Startpage
 +
* Google
 +
* Shodan
 +
* PunkSpider
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Duck Duck Go and ixquick/Startpage provide reduced information leakage about the tester.
 +
 
 +
Google provides the Advanced "cache:" search operator [2], but this is the equivalent to clicking the "Cached" next to each Google Search Result.  Hence, the use of the Advanced "site:" Search Operator and then clicking "Cached" is preferred.  
  
 
The Google SOAP Search API supports the doGetCachedPage and the associated doGetCachedPageResponse SOAP Messages [3] to assist with retrieving cached pages. An implementation of this is under development by the [[::Category:OWASP_Google_Hacking_Project |OWASP "Google Hacking" Project]].
 
The Google SOAP Search API supports the doGetCachedPage and the associated doGetCachedPageResponse SOAP Messages [3] to assist with retrieving cached pages. An implementation of this is under development by the [[::Category:OWASP_Google_Hacking_Project |OWASP "Google Hacking" Project]].
  
== Example ==
+
PunkSpider is web application vulnerability search engine. It is of little use for a penetration tester doing manual work. However it can be useful as demonstration of easiness of finding vulnerabilities by script-kiddies.
To find the web content of owasp.org indexed by Google Cache the following Google Search Query is issued:
+
 
 +
 
 +
'''Example'''
 +
To find the web content of owasp.org indexed by a typical search engine, the syntax required is:
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
site:owasp.org
 
site:owasp.org
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
[[Image:Google_site_Operator_Search_Results_Example_20121219.jpg]]
+
[[Image:Google_site_Operator_Search_Results_Example_20121219.jpg||border]]
  
To display the index.html of owasp.org as cached by Google the following Google Search Query is issued:
+
To display the index.html of owasp.org as cached, the syntax is:
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
cache:owasp.org
 
cache:owasp.org
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
[[Image:Google_cache_Operator_Search_Results_Example_20121219.jpg]]
+
[[Image:Google_cache_Operator_Search_Results_Example_20121219.jpg||border]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=== Google Hacking Database ===
 +
 
 +
The Google Hacking Database is list of useful search queries for Google. Queries are put in several categories:
 +
* Footholds
 +
* Files containing usernames
 +
* Sensitive Directories
 +
* Web Server Detection
 +
* Vulnerable Files
 +
* Vulnerable Servers
 +
* Error Messages
 +
* Files containing juicy info
 +
* Files containing passwords
 +
* Sensitive Online Shopping Info
  
  
 +
== Tools ==
 +
[4] FoundStone SiteDigger - http://www.mcafee.com/uk/downloads/free-tools/sitedigger.aspx <br>
 +
[5] Google Hacker - http://yehg.net/lab/pr0js/files.php/googlehacker.zip<br>
 +
[6] Bishop Fox's Google Hacking Diggity Project - http://www.bishopfox.com/resources/tools/google-hacking-diggity/ <br>
 +
[7] PunkSPIDER - http://punkspider.hyperiongray.com/ <br>
  
== Gray Box testing and example ==
 
Grey Box testing is the same as Black Box testing above.
 
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
 
'''Web'''<br>
 
'''Web'''<br>
[1] "Google Basics: Learn how Google Discovers, Crawls, and Serves Web Pages" - http://www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?answer=70897 <br>
+
[1] "Google Basics: Learn how Google Discovers, Crawls, and Serves Web Pages" - https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/70897 <br>
[2] "Operators and More Search Help" - http://support.google.com/websearch/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=136861 <br>
+
[2] "Operators and More Search Help" - https://support.google.com/websearch/answer/136861?hl=en <br>
 +
[3] "Google Hacking Database" - http://www.exploit-db.com/google-dorks/ <br>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
== Remediation ==
 +
Carefully consider the sensitivity of design and configuration information before it is posted online.
  
'''Tools'''<br>
+
Periodically review the sensitivity of existing design and configuration information that is posted online.
[1] FoundStone SiteDigger - http://www.mcafee.com/uk/downloads/free-tools/sitedigger.aspx <br>
 
[2] Google Hacker - http://yehg.net/lab/pr0js/files.php/googlehacker.zip<br>
 
[3] Stach & Liu's Google Hacking Diggity Project - http://www.stachliu.com/resources/tools/google-hacking-diggity-project/ <br>
 

Latest revision as of 07:45, 24 November 2014

This article is part of the new OWASP Testing Guide v4.
Back to the OWASP Testing Guide v4 ToC: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Testing_Guide_v4_Table_of_Contents Back to the OWASP Testing Guide Project: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Testing_Project

Summary

There are direct and indirect elements to search engine discovery and reconnaissance. Direct methods relate to searching the indexes and the associated content from caches. Indirect methods relate to gleaning sensitive design and configuration information by searching forums, newsgroups, and tendering websites.


Once a search engine robot has completed crawling, it commences indexing the web page based on tags and associated attributes, such as <TITLE>, in order to return the relevant search results [1]. If the robots.txt file is not updated during the lifetime of the web site, and inline HTML meta tags that instruct robots not to index content have not been used, then it is possible for indexes to contain web content not intended to be included in by the owners. Website owners may use the previously mentioned robots.txt, HTML meta tags, authentication, and tools provided by search engines to remove such content.


Test Objectives

To understand what sensitive design and configuration information of the application/system/organization is exposed both directly (on the organization's website) or indirectly (on a third party website).


How to Test

Use a search engine to search for:

  • Network diagrams and configurations
  • Archived posts and emails by administrators and other key staff
  • Log on procedures and username formats
  • Usernames and passwords
  • Error message content
  • Development, test, UAT and staging versions of the website


Search operators

Using the advanced "site:" search operator, it is possible to restrict search results to a specific domain [2]. Do not limit testing to just one search engine provider as they may generate different results depending on when they crawled content and their own algorithms. Consider using the following search engines:

  • Baidu
  • binsearch.info
  • Bing
  • Duck Duck Go
  • ixquick/Startpage
  • Google
  • Shodan
  • PunkSpider


Duck Duck Go and ixquick/Startpage provide reduced information leakage about the tester.

Google provides the Advanced "cache:" search operator [2], but this is the equivalent to clicking the "Cached" next to each Google Search Result. Hence, the use of the Advanced "site:" Search Operator and then clicking "Cached" is preferred.

The Google SOAP Search API supports the doGetCachedPage and the associated doGetCachedPageResponse SOAP Messages [3] to assist with retrieving cached pages. An implementation of this is under development by the OWASP "Google Hacking" Project.

PunkSpider is web application vulnerability search engine. It is of little use for a penetration tester doing manual work. However it can be useful as demonstration of easiness of finding vulnerabilities by script-kiddies.


Example To find the web content of owasp.org indexed by a typical search engine, the syntax required is:

site:owasp.org

Google site Operator Search Results Example 20121219.jpg

To display the index.html of owasp.org as cached, the syntax is:

cache:owasp.org

Google cache Operator Search Results Example 20121219.jpg


Google Hacking Database

The Google Hacking Database is list of useful search queries for Google. Queries are put in several categories:

  • Footholds
  • Files containing usernames
  • Sensitive Directories
  • Web Server Detection
  • Vulnerable Files
  • Vulnerable Servers
  • Error Messages
  • Files containing juicy info
  • Files containing passwords
  • Sensitive Online Shopping Info


Tools

[4] FoundStone SiteDigger - http://www.mcafee.com/uk/downloads/free-tools/sitedigger.aspx
[5] Google Hacker - http://yehg.net/lab/pr0js/files.php/googlehacker.zip
[6] Bishop Fox's Google Hacking Diggity Project - http://www.bishopfox.com/resources/tools/google-hacking-diggity/
[7] PunkSPIDER - http://punkspider.hyperiongray.com/


References

Web
[1] "Google Basics: Learn how Google Discovers, Crawls, and Serves Web Pages" - https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/70897
[2] "Operators and More Search Help" - https://support.google.com/websearch/answer/136861?hl=en
[3] "Google Hacking Database" - http://www.exploit-db.com/google-dorks/


Remediation

Carefully consider the sensitivity of design and configuration information before it is posted online.

Periodically review the sensitivity of existing design and configuration information that is posted online.